Jane's Postpartum Depression In The Yellow Wallpaper

Jane's Postpartum Depression in "The Yellow Wallpaper"

In the "The Yellow Wallpaper," Charlotte Perkins Gilman describes her postpartum depression through the character of Jane. Jane was locked up for bed rest and was not able to go outside to help alleviate her nervous condition. Jane develops an attachment to the wallpaper and discovers a woman in the wallpaper. This shows that her physical treatment is only leading her to madness. The background of postpartum depression can be summarized by the symptoms of postpartum depression, the current treatment, and its prevention. Many people ask themselves what happens if postpartum depression gets really bad or what increases their chances. Jane's treatment can show what can happen if it is not treated correctly. If Jane would have had different treatment, then she would not have gone insane.

Gilman wrote this story to describe her experience with her own postpartum depression and the experiences with Dr. Mitchell. In 1886, Dr. Mitchell was "the nation's foremost specialist in the women's 'nervous disorders'" (Seymor-Smith 979). After the birth of her daughter, Katherine Beecher Stetson, Gilman was weighed down with an upsetting depression. Gilman started treatment with Dr. Mitchell (979). "The Yellow Wallpaper" was written to criticize Dr. Mitchell's cure for women's depression. After

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Gilman wrote "The Yellow Wallpaper," she submitted her essay to Dr. Mitchell. He changed his treatment after reading the story (footnote in Gilman 431). "The Yellow

Wallpaper" was inspired by Gilman's own experiences with the depression (Seymor-Smith 979).

Knowing the symptoms of postpartum depression is critical for a young mother's discovering that she may have the depression. Jane's symptoms are obvious. Jane just has had a baby, and she has sudden mood swings at times. There are times in the story that she gets really angry with her husband, John. John is a medical doctor that helps Jane physically instead of mentally and emotionally. Jane is also isolated from everyone else. Therefore, she finds herself many times getting bored. Since "The Yellow Wallpaper" is an autobiographical story, I conclude that she has worked before as a writer because she refers to writing in the story. After the baby is born, she has a sudden change to where she cannot write anymore. Jane also has a hard time sleeping at night. The symptoms of postpartum depression can take two forms: one starting right after the birth and becoming more distressing as time passes, and the other is several weeks after the birth and develops more slowly (Mothersbliss). Postpartum depression can last from "a few hours to several days and may affect between 40 and 80% of postpartum women" (O'Hara 277). Many of the symptoms are sleep disorders, panic attacks, poor concentration, irregular menstrual periods, anemia, and weakness (Carlson 477). One factor contributing to the postpartum depression is the sudden change in hormones caused by childbirth that can affect the mother's mood (Benson 1404). Another factor that adds to postpartum depression is the sudden change in lifestyle, especially if the mother had been working

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before (1404). The symptoms that Jane has clearly points to postpartum depression, and the way she is treated for it does not help any.

The current treatment of postpartum depression can help a young mother before it gets to the severe mental state of Jane. Jane's treatment only makes her worse. Jane takes

phosphates or phosphites and tonics. Air, exercise, and journeys are essential to Jane's health. Jane is also forbidden to work (Gilman 431). Jane takes pain medication to control her anger. She must have perfect rest and all the air she can get. She feels discouraged because she has no one to give her advice or companionship about her work (432-433). John says, "You really are better, dear, whether you can see it or not. I am a doctor, dear, and I know. You are gaining flesh and color, your appetite is better, I feel really much easier about you" (436). This describes that she does not have any friends or family around her to keep up with her time, and that John only looks at her physical features rather than her mental and emotional state. John's sister does all the housework and cares for the baby. This means that Jane is even isolated from her baby. As Jane states, "Such a dear baby! And yet I cannot be with him, it makes me so nervous" (Gilman 433). This tells us that she is away from the baby, and it makes her nervous. Since she is isolated from the baby, she never has the chance to get used to the baby and face her fears. Some sources say that it is important for a new mother to stay away from becoming too tired. It is important for the mother to get all the rest that she can get, and the baby needs to move to its own room as soon as possible. The loving support of a husband or significant other, relatives, or close friends is extremely important. During the day, close friends needs to do things with the new mother like shopping or visiting the mother. If the postpartum

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depression gets to where it is too much, then the mother may need to be put on antidepressant medicine, such as Zoloft, or the mother may need to go to a psychiatric hospital for treatment (Benson 1404). When the mother is feeling unwell, the family needs to take on as much of the housework that the mother wants to give up. However, when she feels better then the family needs to let her do as much as she wants to (Mothersbliss). Jane's treatment takes care of her physically, but Jane needs to be helped mentally and emotionally by her friends and family. Dr. Mitchell's treatment during that time was right about one thing, and it is to get enough rest, which Jane got. However, her treatment could have included being able to talk to people and do things to keep her mind busy rather than sitting there and getting more depressed. Zoloft and the counseling treatment that we have today was not offer when Jane is diagnosed with her depression. John is worried too much about her appearance rather than what is going on in her head. Jane tells John, "Better in body perhaps," and John's reaction to the problem was, "he sat up straight and looked at me with such a stern, reproachful look that I could not say another word" (Gilman 437). John acts as if does not want to hear how Jane is doing mentally.

People may ask themselves how postpartum depression can be prevented. Jane's