Accounting Standards

Accounting Standards and Their Importance

AS-1: DISCLOSURE OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The following is the text of the Accounting Standard (AS) 1 issued by the Accounting Standards Board, the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India on 'Disclosure of Accounting Policies'. The Standard deals with the disclosure of significant accounting policies followed in preparing and presenting financial statements.

AS-2: VALUATION OF INVENTORIES

A primary issue in accounting for inventories is the determination of the value at which inventories are carried in the financial statements until the related revenues are recognized. This Statement deals with the determination of such value, including the ascertainment of cost of inventories and any write-down thereof to net realizable value.

AS-3: CASH FLOW STATEMENTS

Information about the cash flows of an enterprise is useful in providing users of financial statements with a basis to assess the ability of the enterprise to generate cash and cash equivalents and the needs of the enterprise to utilize those cash flows. The economic decisions that are taken by users require an evaluation of the ability of an enterprise to generate cash and cash equivalents and the timing and certainty of their generation.

AS-4: CONTINGENCIES AND EVENTS OCCURING AFTER BALANCE SHEET DATE

The following is the text of the revised Accounting Standard (AS) 4, 'Contingencies and Events Occurring after the Balance Sheet Date', issued by the Council of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. This Statement deals with the treatment in financial statements of contingencies, and events occurring after the balance sheet date.

AS-5: NET PROFIT OR LOSS FOR THE PERIOD,PRIOR PERIOD AND CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The following is the text of the revised Accounting Standard (AS) 5, 'Net Profit or Loss for the Period, Prior Period Items and Changes in Accounting Policies', issued by the Council of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. The objective of this Statement is to prescribe the classification and disclosure of certain items in the statement of profit and loss so that all enterprises prepare and present such a statement on a uniform basis.

AS-6: DEPRICIATION ACCOUNTING

The following is the text of the revised Accounting Standard (AS) 6, 'Depreciation Accounting', issued by the Council of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. This Statement deals with depreciation accounting and applies to all depreciable assets. Different accounting policies for depreciation are adopted by different enterprises. Disclosure of accounting policies for depreciation followed by an enterprise is necessary to appreciate the view presented in the financial statements of the enterprise.

AS-7: ACCOUNTING FOR CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS

The following is the text of the Accounting Standard (AS) 7 issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India on 'Accounting for Construction Contracts'. The Standard deals with accounting for construction contracts in the financial statements of contractors. This Statement deals with accounting for construction contracts in the financial statements of enterprises undertaking such contracts.

AS-8: ACCOUNTING FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

The following is the text of the Accounting Standard 8 issued by the Council of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India on 'Accounting for Research and Development'. The Standard deals with the treatment of costs of research and development in financial statements. This Statement deals with the treatment of costs of research and development in financial statements.

AS-9: REVENUE RECOGNITION

The following is the text of the Accounting Standard 9 issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India on 'Revenue Recognition'. This Statement deals with the bases for recognition of revenue in the statement of profit and loss of an enterprise. The Statement is concerned with the recognition of revenue arising in the course of the ordinary activities of the enterprise.

AS-10: ACCOUNTING FOR FIXED ASSETS

The following is the text of the Accounting Standard 10 issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India on 'Accounting for Fixed Assets'. Financial statements disclose certain information relating to fixed assets. This statement deals with accounting for such fixed assets.

AS-11: ACCOUNTING FOR EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES

The following is the text of Accounting Standard 11, 'Accounting for the Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates', issued by the Council of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. An enterprise may have transactions in foreign currencies or it may have foreign branches. Foreign currency transactions should be expressed in the enterprise's reporting currency and the financial statements of foreign branches should be translated into the enterprise's reporting currency in order to include them in the financial statements of the enterprise.

AS-12: ACCOUNTING FOR GOVERNMENT GRANTS

The following is the text of the Accounting Standard 12 issued by the Council of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India on 'Accounting for Government Grants'. This Statement deals with accounting for government grants.

AS-13: ACCOUNTING FOR INVESTMENTS

The following is the text of Accounting Standard 13, 'Accounting for Investments', issued by the Council of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. This Statement deals with accounting for investments in the financial statements of enterprises and related disclosure requirements.

AS-14: ACCOUNTING FOR AMALGAMATIONS

The following is the text of Accounting Standard (AS) 14, 'Accounting for Amalgamations', issued by the Council of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. This statement deals with accounting for amalgamations and the treatment of any resultant goodwill or reserves. This statement is directed principally to companies although some of its requirements also apply to financial statements of other enterprises.

AS-15: ACCOUNTING FOR RETIREMENT BENEFITS IN THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF EMPLOYERS

The following is the text of Accounting Standard (AS)