An Exploratory Study of the Village: Arniya

FIELDWORK SEGMENT (FWS)

PRM 2016-18 & FPRM 2016

A REPORT

An Exploratory Study of the Village: Arniya

Gram Panchayat: Arniya

Block : Niwai

DISTRICT: Tonk

STATE: Rajsthan

HOST ORGANISATION

Kumarappa Institute Of Gram Swaraj

Prepared by:

Rachana Singh (P37050), Aparna Divakar (P37104)

Parinitie Upadhyay (P37152)

In partial fulfillment of the requirements of FWS

of the

Post Graduate Programme in Rural Management

INSTITUTE OF RURAL MANAGEMENT ANAND

November 2016

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, we would like to express our deep sense of gratitude towards the Institute of Rural Management, Anand (IRMA) for providing us an opportunity to experience rural realities first-hand through its Village Fieldwork Segment (VFS).

We express our sincere thanks to Prof. Shyam Singh, Village Field Coordinator, IRMA and VFS office for their continuous support and guidance throughout the course of the VFS. It was an honour to work with the Kumarappa Institute of Gram Swaraj (KIGS) during our village stay.

We are greatly indebted to Dr. Amit Kumar, Director KIGS and his family for his valuable guidance. We also thank Mr. Hanuman, Mr. Ramkesh and we are especially thankful to Mr. Bhagwan for sheltering us during our village stay.We remember the villagers of Arniya with a sense of deep gratitude for all their love and support.

Rachana Singh (P37050)

Aparna Divakar (P37104)

Parinitie Upadhyay (P37152)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT        ii

1. INTRODUCTION        1

1.1 Objective of the study        1

1.1.1 Scope of the Study        2

1.2 History        2

1.3 Methodology        2

1.3.2 Secondary Data Collection        4

1.4 Limitations and Challenges        5

2. VILLAGE SOCIETY        6

2.1 Demography        6

2.2 Housing Pattern        7

2.3 Caste        7

2.4 Occupation        8

2.5 Nutrition        8

2.6 Health and Sanitation        8

2.7 Education        9

2.8 Communication and Mass Media        10

2.9 Migration        10

2.10 Festivals        10

2.11 Conflicts and Cooperation        11

2.12 Infrastructure        11

3. VILLAGE ECONOMY AND LOCAL MARKET        12

3.1 Occupation        12

3.2 Agriculture        12

3.3 Land Holding Pattern:        12

3.4 Crop Preference:        13

Source: Revenue Department        14

3.5 Expense and Revenue Analysis        14

3.6 Agriculture Input Market        15

3.7 Agriculture Output Market:        16

3.8 Local Markets:        17

4. VILLAGE LIVELIHOODS:        18

4.1 Animal Husbandry:        18

4.2 Labour/ Wage employment        18

4.3 Others:        18

4.4 Sustainable Livelihood Assets        19

4.5 Vulnerability Contexts        20

4.6 Coping Strategies for farmers        20

5. VILLAGE POLITY        21

5.1 Gram Panchayat        21

5.2 Caste Dynamics:        22

6. VILLAGE INSTITUTIONS:        23

6.1 Government Institutions:        23

6.1.1 Gram Panchayat:        23

6.1.2 Ration Shop:        24

6.1.3 Kisan Seva Kendra        24

6.2 Financial Institutions        25

6.2.1 Self Help Groups        25

6.2.2 Post Office        25

6.2.3 Bank        25

7. THEMATIC INSIGHTS:        27

7.1 Analysis of government schemes in rural India        27

7.2 An Exploratory Study of Decision Making in Organic Farming        28

7.2.1. Conclusion        28

7.3 Observations and Conclusions from the RAC        30

8. CONCLUSIONS-INTEGRATIVE VIEW OF THE VILLAGE        32

9. ANNEXURE        33

I. Village Checklist        33

II. Visual Representation of PRA        37

i. Social Map        37

ii.Resource Map        38

iii. Seasonality        39

III. Survey Questionnaire        40

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Arniya Total Land Distributions        1

Table 2: Historical Timeline        2

Table 3: Population Data        6

Table 4: Distribution of Teachers in the Government School        9

Table 5 : Distribution of Students in the Government School        9

Table 6: Mass Media Penetration        10

Table 7 : Type of Land        12

Table 8: Crops Grown        12

Table 9: Input Cost Calculations for Conventional Agriculture - Groundnut        14