Cell Division Within Cancer Cells

Cell Division Within Cancer Cells

The organelles are very important to the survival of a cell because they carry out essential functions necessary like getting rid of waste and making new proteins. Before a cell starts dividing it is in an interphase. When a cell divides during mitosis, some organelles are also divided between the two daughter cells. For example, mitochondria are capable of growing and dividing during the interphase: therefore, the daughter cells each have enough mitochondria. Another organelle that is affected is the nucleus. When prophase starts the preparation for the nucleus in cell division begins. During prophase, the nucleolus inside the nucleus disappears and with it, other organelles are effected. The chromatin coils up and fold into chromosomes and the nuclear membrane disappears. During anaphase, the sister chromatids are separated at the centromere and are pulled toward opposite poles of the cell by the meiotic spindle. During telophase, chromosomes arrive at opposite poles of the cell and unwind into thin strands of DNA, the spindle fibers disappear and the nuclear membrane reappears.

The carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids help to make cell division and the remaking of organelles possible. The centrioles are very important too, they are paired organelles that are in cytoplasm only to take part in cell division, and are on the north and south poles of the cell.

There are many types of cancer like: breast cancer, prostate cancer, basal cell cancer, colon cancer, Osteosarcoma, etc. Cancer cells are different from normal cells in that they do not respond to signals in cell growth and death. They originate within tissues and as they grow and divide, they diverge even further from normalcy. Overtime, these cells become increasingly resistant to the controls that maintain normal tissue; furthermore, as a result, they divide more rapidly than their progenitors and become less dependent on signals from other cells. Cancer cells evade programmed cell death despite their multiple abnormalities would normally make them prime targets for apoptosis.

Cancer cells differ from normal cells because normal cells wait until all organelles are in correct shape, while cancer cells don’t fully undergo the replication process. They can divide without making sure the DNA is in check, which causes the DNA to become damaged and makes the cells mutated.

In the late stages of cancer, cells break through normal tissue boundaries and spread to new sights in the body. The cancer cells start out in the tissue and they grow bigger, causing tumors. There are two types of tumors; benign and malignant. Benign tumors are things such as a common wart that remain in a relative place. These types of tumors neither invade the surrounding normal tissue nor spread to other sights in the body. Malignant tumors are capable of both spreading throughout the body and invading the surrounding normal body tissue by using the lymphatic system and circulatory system. Malignant tumors are mainly considered cancerous because of their ability to invade and metastasize; therefore, making them so dangerous. While benign tumors can be removed surgically without worry of them spreading again, malignant tumors can frequently spread to distant sites of the body, making them almost impossible to stop.

Both types, benign and malignant, are classified according to the type of cell from which they arose. Most cancers are separated into three different types of groups: leukemias or lymphomas, carcinomas, or sarcomas. Including 90% of human cancers are carcinomas, which are malignancies of epithelial cells. Another group are the sarcomas, which are the types of cells that are rare in humans, are solid tumors of connective tissues, such as muscle, cartilage, bone, and fibrous tissue. The last main group of cancer accounts for 8% of malignancies in humans. This group consists of lymphomas and leukemias, which rise from the cells of the immune system and blood-forming cells.

Even though there are a million types