Cognition Review

Color induction: (Berlin & Kay): color determined based on natural category or based on language?

Went to series of societies and languages and had them categorize different colors. Everybody categories color the same way. Proves that it's a natural category

Mixed category: anything that's placed into a category based on its perceptual features and based on its function. Looks like a cup functions like a cup must be a cup. Fall under natural categories

Labov's Cups and bowls: mixed categories showed subjects series of pictures varying dishes tall and wide and all that. Categorize as cups and bowls. People could do it but got confused at certain points then he changed function. To see if category changed. Cup to vase. So people would refer to cup as vase.

3 category representation theories

Classical Ð'- saying that there is a definition that every category member must follow. Ex. Bachelor= sing male middle ageish. Not all items will fit definition. Priest would not be a bachelor

Prototype- average categories create prototype. Ex. Birds would be like robin. If you would try to categorize an Emu as a bird its not a bird its just not.

Instance Ð'-most reliable of all of them. Take every single category member and every thing u can think of. Take that and figure out a category. Ostrich looks like a bird must be a bird.

Defining features: (keil & Batterman) they gave two different scenarios and asked them who was the robber and Pretty women. Little kids use perceptual features so the man with the gun is the robber. Not the pretty women who stole something.

Basic level categories & Expertise: first words a child learns. Maximize similarities and minimize differences. Above basic Super ordinate: more general suberordinate cat Ð'-