Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is distinguished by abnormally high blood glucose levels. Effective management of diabetes requires frequent checking of blood glucose levels. This can be achieved by balancing food, exercise and medication to optimize sports performance.

There are two types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 diabetes is when there is a loss of insulin production this is primarily seen in children and young adults. Type 2 diabetes is a combination of insulin resistance and an insufficient insulin secretion response and this is usually seen in adults. More children/young adults are now being diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes as a result of rising obesity levels in America.

Many people who have Type 1 diabetes are devoted exercisers and very competitive athletes. Communication between the athlete, Athletic Trainer, physician, and a dietitian can maximize the athlete's performance. By balancing nutrition and activity with proper insulin dosage one can regulate diabetes. Intensive diabetes management includes carbohydrate supplements, self-monitoring of blood glucose levels, and insulin therapy.

Peak performance of the athlete is supported by a high carbohydrate, enough hydration and low-fat diet. Athletes can benefit from supplements of carbohydrates when the activity has been planned. Sources of carbohydrates include soda, juice, glucose tablets, dried fruit, sports drinks, power bars and more. If an athlete exercises for more then forty minutes then they may need to consume carbohydrate supplement during activity, so hypoglycemia doesn't set in.

Hypoglycemia is blood glucose level that is below 70 mg/dL this occurs when there is a lack of insulin. An athlete would experience shakiness, fatigue, lack of concentration, feelings of fainting, slurred speech, sweating, rapid heart beat, heavy breathing and a decrease in regular sports performance. Some of the symptoms can be covered up by sports performance.