Effect of Migration on Us and the Uk Economies

Effect of migration on US and the UK economies.

Migration has been one of the major highlights in the election, both in UK and the USA. This is because it has been a tantalizing issue that affects both the natives and the immigrants. This essay try to analyses why migration is an issue? The effect international migration has on the economy of the host country, problems migration causes, and the theories of migration.

Despite the fact that immigration has been happening over eighty thousands of years since homo sapiens moved out of Africa and spread across the world(New World Encyclopedia 2016) and that it has contribution to the creation of languages like English and the diversity and the adaptation of new cultures, music, dances and arts that most modernized youngsters obsessed over. Even the foundation and the success of some countries may not have happened without immigration, yet some people have a huge problem with migration.

Immigration is the change of residence permanently to another country, international immigration or within one country. International migration produces two types’ migrants, documented migrants and undocumented migrants. Documented migrants are migrants that are given an asylum or a refuge by the host country for a migrant that has the proper paper work that allows them to stay in the country. While the undocumented are the migrants that come to a country illegally or through unofficial routes.

There are two type of immigration; forced migration is cause due to slavery, illegal adoption and kidnapping, while economic immigration is mostly caused by man’s inherent desire to better himself in the material world. However, bad or oppressive laws, heavy taxation, unattractive climate, uncongenial surrounding also have produced and are still producing currencies of migration. (Ernst Georg Ravenstain, 1880). According to Lee (2001) on human migration, people move due to two factors (push and pull factors) the push factors are negative factors that force people to change their permanent resistance. These are things like civil war, drought and poverty. The pull factors are things that can attract an individual to a certain country, things like safety, better job opportunities, better education and higher pays or different currency exchange.

In a survey by European Social Survey (2008) whether migrants should receive the same social benefits and services that the natives get. “Only 8% agreed that immigrant should get it upon arriving, 38% favored granting the right to receive if the immigrants after working and paying tax at least a year, 37% supported it only after the acquired the citizenship and more than 8% believe that immigrant should never obtain the same rights as the natives”. (Dustmann & Frattini 2014,). These believes exist because almost 50% of the citizens in the same survey responded that migrants receive more than they contribute in taxes. Documented migrants pay for taxes however, it has been argued that some of them take advantage of child benefits by having lots of children and having one-income families or ‘on the sick’ (Andrews 2012). These causes conflicts with the natives as the migrants in this case are getting more than they contribute in taxes. However, this is short term effect for a long time benefit, this help balance and ageing population. The will be a lot educated youngsters produced due to immigrations, whose taxes can be used support the older generation. However, some economists argue that a percentage of the offspring might fall in the same faith of their parent poverty or crime. (Crush Courses 2016)

Immigration increases demands and creates new markets and importation from other countries, creating new channels for international businesses. Migrants might try to blend in with the natives as much as they want but, they being their own religion culture and food with them. This creates demand so many start up business to meet the demands. These businesses consist of supplying goods like long clothing for Muslim women, traditional food ingredients from their own countries. Statistic show that because of this kind of business, there is more than a 50% increase in business start-ups businesses by migrants while native born start-up is declining by 10% since 1996 to 2011. In the US 775billion –immigrant –owned businesses, generate annual gross sales while 126 billon are paid in wages to Americans working for immigrants owned businesses. (Adam 2015)

Transnational migration have their own set of social, cultural, political and economical dimension that informs each other (Levitt and Jaworsky, 2007) and this can contribute to differences which may leads to conflicts. This dimension has lead to the creation mobs and gangs in the early 20th century in the USA.( National Geographic, 2017) When undocumented migrants come to a host country, they aren’t able to be to get jobs that compliments the skills and experience they have so they tend to unfulfilling jobs like cleaning or working in the underground economy. This consist of gangs, hair and beauty