Energy Level in Different Types of Balls

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1. Contents

1.0        Introduction        2

2.0        Hypothesis        2

3.0        Material        3

4.0        Variables        3

5.0        Method        3

5.1        Tennis Ball        3

5.2        Ping Pong Ball        3

5.3        Golf Ball        4

6.0        Results        5

7.0        Discussion        6

8.0        Conclusion        6

9.0        Appendix        7

10.0        Bibliography        9

Table of Figures

Figure 1: Graph of height of ball after first impact        5

Figure 2: Graph of time taken for ball to hit ground        5

Figure 3: Amount of Energy at different points        8

Figure 4:  Secondary Graph of time taken to fall        8

Figure 5: Secondary Graph of height after first impact        9

Table of Tables

Table 1: Result of height of ball after first impact        5

Table 2: Result of time taken for ball to hit ground        5

Table 3: Result of mass of each ball        5

Table 4: Table showing height of ball after first bounce        7

Table 5: Table showing time taken for ball to fall        7

Table 6: Table showing mass of each ball        7

Table 7: Energy of Ball at different points        7

Table 8: Secondary Data for time taken to fall        8

Table 9: Secondary Data of height after first impact        8

Table 10: Secondary Data of mass of balls        9

1. Introduction

Energy is the “driving force for the universe” (University of Illinois (UIUC), n.d.). It is measured as a quantitative property, usually measured in joules (J), with it being in many forms. One of the fundamentals is the concept of the Law of Conservation, where energy cannot be created or destroyed as Mark E. Tuckerman (2011) states that if “a system that [is] isolated from its surroundings, the total energy of the system is conserved.” Energy then can only be transferred to one state to another via the means of work.

Potential Energy is energy stored within an object standing still. The formula to calculate potential energy is  where  is potential energy in joules,  is mass in kilograms,  is gravity at on Earth and  is height from ground in metres. Kinetic Energy is “energy an object has because of motion” (Khan Academy, 2017). The formula to calculate kinetic energy is  where  is kinetic energy is measured in joules,  is mass in kilograms and  is velocity in . Impact Velocity is the effective velocity of an object when it impacts another object. This can be calculated by  where  is the impact velocity in ,  is gravity in  on Earth and  is height in metres. For this experiment, when the ball is held at 1 metres above, it stores potential energy. When dropped, the energy converts to kinetic energy. Lastly, when the ball bounces up after impact with the ground, potential energy stores up again.[pic 2][pic 3][pic 4][pic 5][pic 6][pic 7][pic 8][pic 9][pic 10][pic 11][pic 12][pic 13][pic 14][pic 15][pic 16][pic 17][pic 18]

1. Hypothesis

If the mass of the ball increases, then the height of the bounce would increase. This is because in the formula for kinetic energy, the greater the mass of the ball, the greater the kinetic energy then when the energy converts to potential energy, some energy is loss from the impact. The energy taken from the impact would not depend on the mass from the impact velocity equation. The energy loss to the ground is the same for each ball which leaves the heaviest ball, golf ball, with more energy to bounce up. The velocity would be the same for every ball because there is no air friction which causes the velocity to not change. It is predicted that the golf ball is heavier by holding it, thus the height it bounces to is the highest because it holds more energy. What other factors affect the height after the first impact when they are dropped from the same height?

1. Material

1. Method

1. The materials listed above were collected.
2. Roles assigned for each member was a ball dropper, ruler holder, a timer and a recorder. The ball dropper and ruler holder was assigned to 1 person.
3. Table 4, Table 5 and Table 6 was copied onto an excel sheet.
4. Phone was on camera function using the slow-motion effect.

1. Tennis Ball

1. The ball dropper dropped the ball from the top of the ruler which was 1 meter high.
2. The timer timed the time taken for the ball to drop from a 1 meter height.
3. The recorder recorded the ball bounce up to see the ball at its highest point after the first bounce.
4. Each result was recorded into each respective table.
5. Steps 5 to 8 was repeated 2 more time.
6. The average of the time and height was averaged.
7. The mass of the tennis ball was measured and recorded.

1. Ping Pong Ball

1. The ball dropper dropped the ball from the top of the ruler which was 1 meter high.
2. The timer timed the time taken for the ball to drop from a 1 meter height.
3. The recorder recorded the ball bounce up to see the ball at its highest point after the first bounce.
4. Each result was recorded into each respective table.
5. Steps 11 to 14 was repeated 2 more time.
6. The average of the time and height was averaged.
7. The mass of the ping pong ball was measured and recorded.

1. Golf Ball

1. The ball dropper dropped the ball from the top of the ruler which was 1 meter high.
2. The timer timed the time taken for the golf ball to drop from a 1 meter height.
3. The recorder recorded the ball bounce up to see the ball at its highest point after the first bounce.
4. Each result was recorded into each respective table.
5. Steps 17 to 20 was repeated 2 more time.
6. The average of the time and height was averaged.
7. The mass of the golf ball was measured and recorded.
8. For the results, a scatterplot was created for each data.
9. Secondary data was collected from another group.

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1. Results

Table 1: Result of height of ball after first impact

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Figure 1: Graph of height of ball after first impact

Table 2: Result of time taken for ball to hit ground

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Figure 2: Graph of time taken for ball to hit ground