Feminism And Racism In African American Literature

Throughout literature, feminism and racism have played crucial roles in the lives of the characters and plotlines in stories and novels. Audiences are captivated by the drama a character must face in order to succeed in life or society. This struggle to overcome personal discrimination and adversity has transcended centuries and genres of literature. African American literature is no exception. Authors of African American literature would base the events that were taking place in the world around them and incorporate them into their novels. Often times this was the only voice African Americans had in society.

The treatment of African Americans in America was filled with brutality and hate. However, they have also suffered by the attempts of white slave owners to try and erase not only the history of African Americans, but their heritage as well. While a Haitian can trace his or her roots to those of a great African king, many African Americans can only trace their history to a simple bill of sale (Thornton 733). Although this demonstrates the dramatic impact slavery has had on African Americans, none have continued to face the effects more than African American women.

During the times of slavery, the order of importance in American society was clearly mapped out. First came white males, next white women, then black males, and finally black women. Both white and black women faced the struggle of feminism, however, nothing can compare to the treatment African American women faced from not only white males, but black males as well. They ranked on the bottom step of society's social ladder, and often times lived extremely hard lives. They would suffer the same harsh and unbearable treatment from black men, as they would white. Physical abuse, emotional abuse, and sexual assault were all a part of the everyday lives of African American women during the age of slavery.

Zora Neale Hurston had a passion for writing about the destructive nature of love. She often focused her stories on the lives of women who were left weak and vulnerable to men who could not control their desire to conquer new territory. She constantly explored the fine line between passion and violence in the lives of African American men. Much of her most well known novel Their Eyes Were Watching God came from Hurston's own personal experience. At the time she wrote the novel, she had just broken off an affair with a drastically younger man. She was 40 and he was only 23. Although their relationship was filled with passion and excitement, he had certain ideas on how a woman was supposed to view and depend on her husband. These ideas went against the very core she felt she was as a person and could not bring herself to conform to them. Their Eyes Were Watching God is a direct reference to their doomed romance ( Delbanco 103-104).

Their Eyes Were Watching God is an important novel that sheds light on the difficulties faced by African American women. This novel focuses on the life of Janie Crawford and the trials and tribulations she faced on her journey to find personal independence in a time where African American women were given very little freedoms. Although the novel isn't a story of her search for a partner, it contains several examples of the mistreatment she had to endure at the hands of several African American males.

Janie Crawford was an attractive, confident black woman. After being abandoned by her mother, she is raised by her grandmother whose primary concern is to find a suitable husband for Janie. During the 1920's and 1930's, it was important for a black woman to find a husband for security and social purposes. African American women weren't viewed as being able to support or take care of themselves. With this in mind, Janie marries a farmer named Logan Killicks. However, it isn't long before Janie realizes how miserable she is. Logan does provide the security she needs, however, their relationship lacks any real emotional connection, and she is treated more as a worker than a wife.

One day she meets a smooth talking man named Joe Starks. Although at first he appears to be everything Janie has been searching for and the exact opposite of Logan, in reality, he is a cruel, self-involved egomaniac. They quickly begin a secret relationship, and before long she runs away with him to get married. However, she will soon learn that life with Joe is no fairy tale either. Joe, or as Janie called him Jody, had dreams of becoming a "big voice" in Eatonville, Florida. He soon becomes mayor, postmaster, storekeeper, and even the biggest landlord in the town. He viewed Janie as a typical trophy wife who was to be seen and never heard from. He hoped to transform her into what he felt the perfect example of a mayor's wife should be. She was beautiful, and in his opinion, should provide a certain example of how a woman of character should behave. At first she gives into Jody's ideas on how she should be acting; however, after 20 years of being silent, Janie finally has her fill.

The store that Jody and Janie owned had become a hang out for several of the men in Eatonville. It was a place for them to swap stories about their days and even their families. Jody, wanting to be an example of how an important member of society was to act, never wanted to be outdone by these men. He would not allow her to express her opinions or thoughts, and would not allow her to stand up for herself or women when she overheard the degrading conversations that the men were having. He made a constant effort to prove his control over Janie by accusing her of trying to seduce other men with her looks. Finally after being bombarded with insults about her appearance, Janie fights back by humiliating Jody in front of the men. In order to prove his power over her, Jody fiercely beats her. He began to physically abuse Janie for no other reason than to remind her that they were the examples of society, and he had an image to uphold. The physical and emotional abuse he inflicted on Janie was always justified by the excuse that they were to be the example of society and had a certain image to uphold to the fellow townspeople. He built her confidence only to tear them down in order to strengthen his own opinion of himself. Their marriage became a marriage based on convenience, and not long after he became extremely sick and died.

Janie is left a very wealthy widow, and for the first time in her life finally feels free. She begins to feel a great sense of independence, so she rejects several advances from a multitude of suitors. However, this doesn't last long when a man several years younger than her named Tea Cake wins her affection. He becomes her first real love. She marries