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Finance (esperanto)

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finansuri uwyisebi da angariSebi

kompaniis menejmentis upirvelesi mizania kompaniis aqciis fasis maqsimizireba. fasi, Tavis mxriv, damokidebulia firmis unarze gamoimuSavos fuli dRes da momavalSi. magram rogor afasebs investori samomavlo fulis nakads da rogor gadawyvets menejeri romeli gadawyvetileba imoqmedebs yvelaze metad fulis nakadis zrdaze? pasuxi am kiTxvabze emyareba firmis finansuri uwyisebis Seswavlas, romlebic  sajaro kompaniam unda warudginos investorebs.

biznesis nebismieri aqtivis – finansuri (aqcia da obligacia), Tu fizikuri (miwa, Senoba da mowyobiloba) – Rirebuleba damokidebulia am aqtivis mier gamomuSavebul dabegril mosalodnel fulis nakadze.

fuladi nakadis cikli

 

SeiZleba mogveCvenos, rom finansebi raRac saidumloebas warmoadgens da misi gageba rTulia. magram gamoTvlebSi Cven mxolod ramdenime ZiriTadi principiT vxelmZRvanelobT. erT-erTi maTgani ambobs: kompaniis finansebi da operaciebi urTerTkavSirSia erTmaneTTan. kompaniis saqmianoba, muSaobis meTodebi da konkurentuli strategia – gansazRvravs firmis finansur struqturas. magram sawinaaRmdegosac aqvs adgili: im gadawyvetilebebma, romlebic mxolod finansebs exeba, SesaZlebelia mniSvnelovani zemoqmdeba iqonion kompaniis saqmianobaze. magaliTad, is Tu rogor afinansebs kompania Tavis aqtivebs imoqmedebs im investiciebze, romlis ganxorcielebasac kompania SeZlebs momavalSi.

fuladi nakadis sawarmoo cikli, mocemuli naxatze 3-1, gviCvenebs mWidro kavSirs kompaniis saqmianobasa da mis finansebs Soris.  

simartivisTvis, davuSvaT, rom es kompania axali Seqmnilia, miiRo fuladi saxsrebi Tavisi mflobelebisagan da kreditorebisagan, SeiZina sawamoo aqtivebi da mzad aris muSaobis dasawyebaT. Tavdapirvelad, kompania iyenebs fulad saxsrebs nedleulis SesaZenad da muSa-xelis dasaqiraveblad; nayid nedleuls droebiT inaxavs maragebis saxiT. is rac daiwyo rogorc fuladi saxsrebi, axla ukve realur maragebad gadaiqca. rodesac kompania yidis saqonels, misi maragebi isev fulad saxsrebad gadaiqca. Tu gayidvebi fulze warmoebs, es im momentSive xdeba; winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, fuli ar Semodis manam, sanam ar daifareba debitoruli davalianeba. fuladi saxsrebis gadacvla maragebSi, Semdeg debitorul davalianebebSi da isev fulad saxsrebSi, warmoadgens firmis saoperacio, anu sabrunavi, kapitalis cikls.

naxati 3-1. fuladi saxsrebis moZraoba

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saqmianobis kidev erTi uwyveti mimarTuleba (ix. naxati 3-1) investiciebia. drois garkveul periodSi kompaniis ZiriTadi aqtivebi (sxvagvarad maT fiqsirebuli aqtivebi hqvia) “ixarjeba” produqciis sawamoeblad. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom nebismieri saqoneli, romelic gaivlis biznes cikls, iyenebs ZiriTadi aqtivebis Rirebulebis garkveul nawils. buRalteri iTvaliswinebs amas imiT, rom mudmivad amcirebs fiqsirebuli aqtivebis sabuRaltro Rirebulebas da zrdis produqciis Rirebulebas im sididiT, romelic cnobilia rogorc cveTa. sawarmoo simZlavreebis SesanarCuneblad da damatebiTi zrdis dasafinanseblad, kompaniam unda moaxdinos miRebuli fuladi saxsrebis investireba axal ZiriTad aqtivebSi. am procesis mizania, sabrunavi kapitalis ciklidan da sainvesticio ciklidan miRebuli fuladi saxsrebi meti iyos firmis fulad saxsrebze biznesis sawyis etapze.

SeiZleboda naxatis 3-1 kidev ufro garTuleba, savaWro valdebulebebis, nasesxebis kapitalis (vali) da sakuTari kapitalis damatebiT fuladi saxsrebis mosazidaT, magram naxati isedac asaxavs or ZiriTad princips. pirveli maTgania: finansuri angariSgeba – realobis mniSvnelovani asaxvaa. kompaniis saoperacio politika, sawarmoo teqnologia, maragebis da kreditebis kontrolis sistema mniSvnelovan wilad gansazRvraven firmis finansur mdgomareobas. magaliTad, Tu kompanias unda, rom kreditis gadaxdebi ufro swrafi gaxdes, maSin misi finansuri uwyisebi asaxaven Semcirebul investiciebs savaWro moTxovnebSi da SesaZloa cvlilebebs SemosavlebSi da mogebaSi. es kavSiri kompaniis saqmianobasa da mis finansebs Soris aris is ZiriTadi mizezi ratomac vswavlobT finansur uwyisebs. Cven gvWirdeba vicodeT kompaniis saqmianoba da viwinaswarmetyveloT kompaniis saqmianobaSi yoveli axali cvlilebebis Sedegebi.

meore principi, romelic, aseve, naCvenebia naxatze 3-1, - mogeba ar emTxveva fulad nakads. fuladi saxsrebi da maTi gardaqmna maragebSi, Semdeg savaWro  moTxovnebSi da Semdeg isev fulad saxsrebSi – warmoadgens nebismieri kompaniis “sasicocoxlo Zalas”. Tu es fuladi nakadi iwureba an didi xniT Sewydeba, aman SeiZleba kompaniis gadaxdisuunaroba gamoiwvios. da kidev erTxel, kompaniis momgebianoba ar iZleba imis garantias, rom kompaniis fuladi nakadi sakmarisi iqneba misi gadaxdisunarianobis SesanarCuneblad. sailustraciod, davuSvaT, rom kompaniam dakarga kontroli mis savaWro moTxovnebze, rodesac saSualebas aZlevs mis klientebs gadaavadon fuladi gadaxdi, an ufro met produqcias awarmoebs, vidre yidis. im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu buRaltris poziciidan, kompania momgebianad yidis Tavis produqcias, misi gayidvebi ver gamoimuSavebs sakmaris fuls sawarmoo xarjebis dasafarad da investiciebis gansaxorcieleblad. rodesac kompanias ar gaCnia sakmarisi fuli valdebulebebis droulad dasafarad - es gadaxdisuunarobaa. sxva magaliTisTvis, davuSvaT, rom kompania sakmaod yuradRebiT marTavs maragebs da savaWro moTxovnebs, gayidvebis swrafi zrda moiTxovs msxvil investiciebs am aqtivebSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom kompania momgebiania, mas SesaZloa Zalian cota fuli hqondes valdebulebebis dasakmayofileblad, da is ubralod “gaskdeba”. am martivi magaliTebidan sCans, Tu ratom unda iyos kompaniis xelmZRvaneloba dainteresebuli fulis nakadiT imdenad, ramdenadac aris dainteresebuli mogebiT.

am sakiTxebis ufro detaluri ganxilvisTvis da kompaniis muSaobis Sesafaseblad saaRricxvo informaciis gamoyenebis unar_Cvevebis “dasaxvewad”, saWiroa ZiriTadi finansuri uwyisebis Seswavla.

finansuri uwyisebi da angariSebi

kompaniis mier aqcionerebisaTvis momzadebul angariSebs Soris wliuri angariSi yvelaze mniSvnelovania. am angariSebSi ori tipis informacia aris warmodgenili. pirvel rigSi, aq aris verbaluri nawili, sadac kompaniis prezidentis mier werilobiTi formiT aRwerilia kompaniis saqmianobis Sesaxeb gasul wels, da ganxilulia is gegmebi, romlebic aisaxeba kompaniis samomavlo saqmianobaSi. meore mxriv, finansuri uwyisebis nawili - wliuri angariSi, moicavs oTxi saxis finansur uwyiss: sabalanso uwyiss, mogeba/zaralis uwyiss, fuladi saxsrebis moZraobis uwyiss da gaunawilebuli mogebis uwyiss. erTad aRebuli es uwyisebi asaxaven kompaniis saqmianobis sabuRaltro suraTs da finansur poziciebs.

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