Frankenstein - Short Essays

Frankenstein

Did I request thee, Maker, from my clay

To mould me Man, did I solicit thee

From darkness to promote me?

- Paradise Lost

1. In Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, the subtitle "The Modern Prometheus" is attached to the name of the novel. Indeed, there exists a correlation between the mythological titan who is punished for stealing the dangerous knowledge of fire for humanity and Victor Frankenstein, a man whose ruthless quest for forbidden knowledge of life drives him to utter destruction. Like Prometheus, Frankenstein is a rebel against divine authority and pushes the boundary of bioethics. Victor attempts to step beyond the accepted human limits and discover the secret of life. "I will pioneer a new way, explore unknown powers, and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of creation." Thus Frankenstein is driven by an obsessive thirst for unexplored knowledge, disregarding the consequences but paying for them later. Quite accordingly, Prometheus is also punished for his actions when Zeus learns of his transgressions of divine authority. The fate of Victor Frankenstein is ironic in the sense that in his quest to create a human being, he loses his own humanity. He shuts himself off completely from the outside world during his endeavors, only to be eventually driven by his animalistic urges of revenge to a primal battle with his creation in the cold Arctic. Frankenstein tells Robert Walton, "Learn from me, if not by my precepts, at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge."

2. In Robert Walton's letters to his sister, Mary Shelley reveals an in-depth look at his character. Walton confesses his feelings of loneliness and isolation, even from his own crew. He is too sophisticated to befriend any of his shipmates and too uneducated to fully express his feelings with another. Much like Victor, Walton is obsessed with knowing what no one else knows. He desires to obtain nature's secrets and reveals himself as a romantic, with a "love for the marvelous, a belief in the marvelous." Also like Frankenstein, Robert Walton is driven to "some great purpose." In Walton's case, he is driven to discover a northern passage to the Pacific, finding the Earth's points of magnetism, and setting foot on undiscovered land. This unhealthy obsession has the potential to overbear his common sense and practicality as a captain, possibly leading him to overlook danger in order to accomplish his goal. Such a heedless outlook would endanger his life as well as jeopardizing the welfare of his crew.

3. With the many similarities between Frankenstein and Walton, it comes with no surprise that Walton admires Frankenstein. "My affection for my guest increases every day." Walton appreciates how eloquently Frankenstein can articulate his thoughts, an ability that he himself lacks. Walton feels much sympathy for Frankenstein and briefly discusses his own life. Victor has an "intuitive judgment... unequalled for clearness and precision, and an expression of voice ... are soul-subduing." Victor tells Walton that he was at one time just as hungry for dangerous knowledge, but it lead to his demise. He heeds Walton to be careful and to at least learn from his example.

4. Chapter three indicates to the reader that upon arriving at Ingolstadt, the professors tell Victor that he has been wasting his time studying the works of ancient idealistic alchemists. As a result, Victor decides to further the field of natural sciences and becomes determined to "pioneer a new way, explore unknown powers, and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of creation." Such a resolute determination is admirable in any person, but Victor Frankenstein seems to go too far in his quest for knowledge. He oversteps the boundaries of science and morality without heeding the consequences. As Frankenstein speaks these words on page 47, one would find it difficult to find much sympathy for any misery that he later encounters. Victor's pursuit of scientific knowledge reveals a great deal about his perceptions of science in general. He views science as the truly unrestricted subject: "In other studies you go as far as others have gone before you, and there is nothing more to know; but in scientific pursuit there is continual food for discovery and wonder."

5. In chapter ten, Victor Frankenstein retreats to the summit of Montanvert in hopes of reviving his spirits thought the brilliance of nature. Instead, Victor meets his former creation that he has not seen in years. Unlike last time, Victor is not afraid. He is instead filled with a murderous rage and becomes bent on revenge. He shouts unabashedly, "Abhorred monster! Fiend that thou art! The tortures of hell are too mild a vengeance for thy crimes. Wretched devil... come on then, that I may extinguish the spark which I so negligently bestowed." His reaction is justified in light of the deaths of William Frankenstein and Justine Moritz, as well as the pain inflicted on his family. Psychologically, years of stress, fear, and despair has been welling up inside of Victor to this eventual boiling point. Surprisingly, the creature that has been the source of such misery acts more human than his creator. Not only can the creature speak, but he can also express himself articulately as well. It remains calm, even as Victor throws himself at the creature in a fit of rage. The "monster" contests that Victor shares responsibility for the creature's evil actions. Not only has Victor given him life, but also he has complexly abandoned his creation and neglected to provide for a nourishing environment. The creature never asked for life, but rather life was thrust on him. Mary Shelley is sure to depict the creature as not just a mere result of a scientific experiment gone awry, but as an actual living being with feelings, wants, and needs. Like his creator, the creature appears to be a sensitive being, who is fascinated by nature and the acquirement of knowledge.

6. The creature eventually persuades Victor to hear his story of the cottagers Felix, Agatha, De Lacey, and Safie. De Lacey and his children Felix and Agatha were once affluent citizens of Paris. Felix eventually heard of a Turk who had been falsely accused of a crime and sentenced