Gender Roles

Nana Gyabaa

212169793

Assignment 2

Gender and Gender Roles of men and women in modern world Research: An Annotation Bibliography

Collins, Rebecca L. "Content Analysis of Gender Roles in Media: Where are we Now and

Where should we Go?" Sex Roles 64.3-4 (2011): 290-8. 

 In this article of nonfiction based on the author’s empirical research, Collins seeks to asseses the quantitative content analyses of gender roles in media published in the two special issues of Sex Roles (Rudy et al.2010a, 2011).

Collins concludes that a wide variety of data by the media presenting negative or stereotypical depictions about women may be particularly harmful to viewers.

She also suggests in her article that women are subordinated in various ways like body positions, facial expressions and traditionally feminine roles.

On the basis of media publishment, Collins argues how women are seen to be underrepresented across a range of media and are portrayed as non-professionals, homemakers, wives and sexual gatekeepers. Collins article is interesting, accessible, timely, descriptive, and well researched.

Coyne, M., Linder, R., Rasmussen, E., Nelson, A., Collier, M. (2014) It’s a Bird! It’s a

Plane! It’s a Gender Stereotype!: Longitudinal Associations Between Superhero Viewing and Gender Stereotyped Play. Gender Roles, 70, 416-430        

The article asserts how the media tends to protray strong gender sterotypes for both boys and girls in multiple mediums including televion, movies, advertisements, magazines and music videos.  In addition, boys viewed more superhero programs more frequently than girls. The article argues on how due to media, analyses revealed that superhero exposure was related to higher levels of male-sterotyped play for boys and higher levels of weapon plays for both boys and girls.

On a theory of gender development (Bussey and bandura 1999), suggested that developmental outcomes are important in discorvering and reviewing gender roles.

In general, research has shown that media protray gender sterotypes, the more television children watch, the more stereotypical they are and are more likely to believe and have a mindset of men holding a higher status than women in society.

This article shows how the status of women on media are inferior to the status of men on media showing us the roles men and women play to society and children on the media.

Leire Gartzia, Marloes van Engen, (2012) "Are (male) leaders “feminine” enough?:

Gendered traits of identity as mediators of sex differences in leadership styles", Gender in Management: An International Journal, Vol. 27 Iss: 5, pp.296 – 314.

The article seeks to asses a broaden understanding involving sex difference in leadership and to examine the role of gender identity traits.  Based on research, the article has established many traits of leadership style that relates to leaders’ effectiveness. The article concludes to how gender perspective may help to increase the understanding leadership effectiveness especially in male leaders organization, therefore yet again showing significant areas of gender roles in society.

Pennell, H., & Behm-Morawitz, E. (2015) The Empowering (Super) Heroine? The Effects  

of Sexualized Female Characters in Superhero Films on Women

This article is about a study conducted with female Undergraduates in Midwestern United States of America in attempt to determine the potential influence that the depiction of women in superhero movies on other women in the real world. To enable this study be conducted, the methods employed were social cognitive and objectification theory frameworks.

 The goal was to experimentally determine the short-term effects of exposure to sexualized female characters in superhero movies. Results were evident of the fact that exposure to the sexualized images of women in superhero movies decreased egalitarian gender role beliefs. Exposure to the sexualized superheroes resulted in lower self-esteem in the women. Also, positive effects were shown in conjunction with belief in the importance of body competence to the women who were exposed to the movie characters. In conclusion, this study demonstrated short-term effects from viewing sexualized images of women in superhero movies. It proves in a significant way how understanding sexualized female representations may influence gender related roles beliefs as well as how people see themselves.