History Of Ai

History of AI

Intro

I am going to give you a history of Artificial Intelligence (aka AI). Artificial Intelligence is being used in many aspects of our lives. They are used in cars, personal computers, cell phones, cameras, video games, and much more.

The older AI's did things as simple as causing something to move, outputting text, or opening and closing programs. Now they can chat with you using an array of responses. They can also cause an object to move randomly without falling off a ledge or hitting a wall; and they can open and close programs whenever needed without the user asking them to. Eventually they will be able to trick all of us into thinking they are human.

History

In the 17th century a man named Rene Descartes envisioned animal's bodies to be complex machines, and so created the mechanistic theory. He concluded that since non-human animals did not have souls, they must be merely complex machines. Since animals lack any immaterial thinking substance, animals cannot think, than all of the movements their bodies make can be explained in purely mechanical terms. In 1623, Wilhelm Schickard created the first mechanical digital calculating machine. He called his invention the Calculating Clock. It was able to add and subtract up to six-digit numbers. According to his notes the prototype of this machine was destroyed in a fire. Schickard did not survive the bubonic plaque and his notes were lost until somewhere between 1935 and 1956 by historian Franz Hammer. In 1671 the binary system was invented by Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz. The binary system represents numeric values using two symbols, 0 and 1. The binary system plays a crucial role in computer science and technology; and is used internally by virtually all modern computers. In the 19th century, Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace worked on creating a programmable mechanical calculating machine. The program is considered programmable because you can set initial values to the columns. In 1941, Konrad Zuse built the first working program controlled computer, a tape-stroed-controlled computer, named the Z3. The Z3 is claimed to be the "first computer". In addition to this technical work, Zuse founded the first computer startup company in 1946. This company built the Z4, which was the first commercial computer. Due to World War II his work went largely unnoticed until IBM optioned on his patents. There is a replica of the Z4 in a museum in Munich. Alan Turing introduced the "Turing Test" to test the intelligent behavior of machines. It will test the capability of humanlike thought by machines. In this test a person (the interrogator) sits with a teletype machine isolated from two components, one a human and one a computer. The interrogator asks question of both and then tries to determine which answer is human and which is computer. To make this more of a challenge the computer is programmed to give deceptive answers, hesitating at times the same as humans.

The first working Artificial Intelligence programs were written on the University of Manchester's Ferranti Mark I machine in 1951. One of the programs was a chess playing