History Of Juvenile Justice
Essay by 24 • December 1, 2010 • 312 Words (2 Pages) • 1,870 Views
History of Juvenile Justice
*created in the late 1800's to reform U.S. policies regarding youthful offenders
*early on children were treated as chattels of adults without any rights
*if found guilty they were sentenced just as adults were
*New York City House of Refuge, the first youth prison opened in 1825
*during the 1800's the juvenile justice system exercised its authority within a "parens patriae" which meant state as parent or guardian role. The state assumed responsibility of parenting the children until they begin to show changes
*Many refuge homes were similar to orphanages
*the refuge houses provided education, physical exercise, and supervision
*Illinois adopted the first juvenile code in 1899 and established the country's first juvenile court
*prior to 1900 at least ten children under the age of fourteen had been executed
*Illinois law focused on the offender's character rather than the offense
*the mission of juvenile courts was to make the youth productive citizens
*in the 1920's professional and mental health services available through the courts were expanded
*Kent vs. U.S.(1966) was the first case requiring a special hearing before any transfers to adult court
*In re Gault(1967) case that determined the constitution requires separate juvenile justice system with
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