Identifications

1. Historical People

a. Chapter 2

i. John Rolfe- Settled in Virginia. Father of the Tobacco Industry. Married Pocahontas but she died just before returning to Virginia. Died in 1622, during an Indian Uprising, but historians aren't sure how he died.

ii. Walter Raleigh-sponsored a settlement on Roanoke Island. Half brother to Sir Humphrey and Sir John Gilbert. In 1585, he was made governor of Jersey. Raleigh arranged for the construction of "The Ark Royal". Raleigh was framed as a member of a plot against the throne and sentenced to life imprisonment. He was executed on 1618 and he asked to see the axe and said "This is a sharp Medicine, but it is a Physician for all Diseases."

iii. Powhatan-A local Indian Tribe that helped the English survive. Were settled in Virginia but were forced to move from the British to the North (Pennsylvania and New Jersey)

iv. Lord Baltimore- AKA Sir George Calvert. Was knighted by King James in 1617. Then he was commissioned as one of the principal Secretaries of State in 1619. Found Maryland in 1634

v. James Oglethorpe-Military leader when Spain attacked Georgia. Was elected to the committee investigating penal conditions in 1722. On Feb. 12, 1733, he founded Savannah.

vi. Handsome Lake-Iroquois Religious Leader. He taught family values, abstinence and practiced ceremonies and songs.

vii. Humphrey Gilbert- Humphrey Gilbert was the second son of Otho Gilbert and Katherine Champernowne. But his father died in 1547 and his mother re-married Walter Raleigh. He was knighted in 1570 by Lord Deputy, Sir Henry Sidney. He was elected to represent Plymouth in Parliament in 1571

viii. John Smith-When he was 20, he joined the Austrian Force to fight the Turks in the "Long War". While he was fighting in Hungary, he was promoted Captain. However, he was wounded in battle and was sold as a slave to the Turks, but managed to escape and settle in Jamestown. In December 1607, he was ambushed by the Powhatan tribe but kept alive for his unusual instruments. He was held captive for four weeks before the release.

ix. Oliver Cromwell-ruled as Lord Protector of England for almost a decade.

b. Chapter 3

i. John Calvin-Started Calvinism. Wrote a popular presentation of Christian Doctrine and Life.

ii. Peter Stuyvesant-He was the son of a Calvinist minister. In 1645, he became director general of Dutch possessions in North America.

iii. John Winthrop-led "The Great Puritan Migration". First governor of Massachusetts.

iv. Anne Hutchinson-was a prominent proponent of antinomianism. She was banished from Boston for trying to evict Reverend Wilson from the Boston church. In August 1643, the Mahicans raided her house and killed Anne and five of her youngest children. However, her daughter, Susanna survived and was taken captive

v. William Laud- was an Archbishop of Canterbury from 1633 to 1645

vi. King Philip-Indian name was metacom or metacomet. Was executed as the settlers began to take control

vii. Roger Williams-teacher at Salem Bay, taught a number of controversial principles

viii. Thomas Hooker-

ix. William Bradford-became the governor of Massachusetts by believing that he had received the calling from God.

x. Henry Hudson- In 1609, he sailed up the Hudson River for the Dutch East India Company, and claimed it for the Dutch. In order to settle this area, they created the

xi. William Penn-He was a Quaker and a friend of King Charles II. Pennsylvania was named after this man which was granted from King Charles II

xii. Sir Edmund Andros- Edmund Andros grew to be the leader of the dominion, and was very repressive. He took away many of the rights that the colonials had gotten used to.

c. Chapter 4

i. William Berkeley- The governor of Virginia during Bacon's Rebellion.

ii. Nathaniel Bacon- Organized a group of Died of Dysentery.

2. Definition

a. Chapter 2

i. Royal Character- The English government was all gay and shit, he had to issue one of these for someone to be able to go to some new territory 2 establish a colony. For example, James I issued a 'royal charter' for Jamestown.

ii. Joint-stock company-An economic arrangement by which a number of investors pool their capital for investment.

iii. Primogeniture-The legal principle that the oldest son inherits all family property or land.

iv. Indentured Servant-A poor person obligated to a fixed term of labor.

v. Proprietor- This means an owner of an estate, so a yeoman could be a proprietor, but it is usually used to refer to somebody with a huge estate.

vi. Enclosure- By consolidating land parcels, the guys with the small parcels were driven out. Those that were kicked out either found jobs in the Industrial Revolution or, went and joined some of the new and fledging adventures into the New World.

vii. House of Burgesses- This was the 1st example of representative government in the Americas, and was formed in Virginia.

b. Chapter 3

i. The "elect"- In Calvinist doctrine, those who have been chosen by God for salvation.

ii. Doctrine of a calling- In Protestantism, the belief that saved individuals have a religious obligation to engage in worldly work.

iii. Freeman-Only Puritan males were freeman.

iv. Franchise- Synonymous with the vote, this was given to men at first (visible saints), but was later given to all guys

v. "visible saints"- In Calvinism, those who publicly proclaimed their experience of conversion and were expected to lead godly lives.

vi. Covenant- Puritans believed that the government was a covenant among people

vii. Patroonship- The name given to the plots of land given 2 Dutch people in the New Netherlands, it showed the domination by the aristocrats.