Illegal Immigration

Illegal Immigrants of American Society

A Realistic Approach

At present, the U.S. immigration system is burdened both by policy and implementation challenges. It is barely able to meet the commitments required by law and policy and is ill-prepared to address new challenges and mandates. Agreement that the system is broken may be the only point of consensus among many diverse stakeholders. The Task Force believes that immigration laws and policies are broken in four ways:

. There is an increasing disconnection between law and reality that undermines the rule of law, breeds disrespect for American values and institutions, and makes it more difficult to garner domestic support for immigration and advance U.S. values overseas.

. Some immigration policies hamper rather than encourage economic growth, impeding responses to global economic changes and cyclical industry needs.

. Immigration policies have not adequately addressed threats to national security.

. Immigration integration policy is nearly nonexistent, especially at the federal level, leaving state and local governments to absorb the consequences of federally established immigration policy.

According to Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, immigrants long have been part of the American landscape, reflecting our country's values and traditions. During the last decade the Midwest has seen a resurgence of its long-established tradition of immigration. Nine of twelve Midwest states had foreign-born populations that grew faster than the national average during the 1990s. These immigrants are preventing population decline, reinvigorating economic growth, and contributing to cultural diversity.

Unfortunately, most immigration discussions tend to overlook the heartland of the country and our long and continuing experience with immigrants. Some in the Midwest believe that immigration here, important in itself, also is a microcosm for what is occurring across the country. They thus believe that observations, conclusions, and recommendations resonate nationwide. As I found on www.dallasfed.org, meat packing drew thousands of immigrants to the Midwest, and poultry processing did the same in the South Atlantic states. Jobs in these two industries exemplify the type of jobs new immigrants commonly fill--low-skill, blue-collar jobs. This is because a large percentage of immigrants have less than a high school education. About 33 percent of immigrants have not finished high school, compared with 13 percent of native. Immigrants overwhelmingly filled blue-collar jobs (operators, fabricators and laborers) but also accounted for as much as half the growth in categories such as administrative support and services. According to Julian Samora Research Institute, the migration of Hispanics to the Midwest has been shown to be directly related to the labor needs of agriculture and manufacturing in the region. Much less, however, is known about how Hispanics have fared economically in this major industrial setting. Manufacturing in the Midwest has likewise benefitted from the supply of Mexican labor and has contributed to the growth of the Hispanic population. The need for industrial labor during both World War I and II as well as during strike activities in the steel industry in 1919 and the meat packing industry in 1921 assured the continued migration of Chicanos to the Midwest. Moreover, as the decline in migrant farm workers accelerated in the late sixties and early seventies as a result of agricultural mechanization, manufacturing--especially the auto-related industries--tapped former migrant workers for work. One study of Chicanos in Michigan viewed the period in the early seventies as a transition for Chicanos from field workers to factory workers.

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A proposed amnesty for more than 3 million undocumented Mexican workers and their families might help all Latinos in the United States, particularly those in rural communities, where they are often viewed with suspicion, this found on Indiana University website. The findings by two professors are of special concern because of the continuing large influx of Hispanic people in many towns and cities in Indiana and across the Midwest. According to U.S. Census Bureau figures, Indiana's Hispanic population grew by 117 percent during the last decade, from about 99,000 in 1990 to almost 215,000 in 2000. The proposed amnesty would benefit both the United States and Mexico economically and provide basic human rights protection to a group of people who often live in danger and secrecy. Undocumented workers often are placed in dangerous jobs and must live without the benefits of even the poorest Americans. If an immigrant gets robbed, he can't go to the police. If he is sick or injured to the severest degree, he can't go to the hospital. To further exacerbate the risk, undocumented workers typically live in areas of higher crime and work the most dangerous jobs. Basically, many of these workers are risking their lives to provide for their families that are still living in their native countries.

. Many illegal aliens are working in the United States in low level jobs. they risk being caught, detained and deported. They often live in fear. Their rights are not protected. Furthermore, certain industries, including farming, are desperate for workers and cannot get Americans for the jobs. The Bush Administration has proposed a temporary guest worker program to solve the problem. In his 2004 State of the Union address to joint session of Congress, Bush stated: "I ask Congress to reform our immigration laws so they reflect our values and benefit our economy. I propose a new temporary-worker program to match willing foreign workers with willing employers when no Americans can be found to fill the job. This reform will be good for our economy, because employers will find needed workers in an honest and orderly system. A temporary-worker program will help protect our homeland, allowing border patrol and law enforcement to focus on true threats to our national security." The issue of what to do about illegal immigrants is age old. The quandary of how to match willing workers with farmers and other employers is also far from new. A migrant worker program was proposed in 2000, but that was not the first time lawmakers have had such an idea. In recent years, the Mexican people have pressured their president to seek improvements in immigration policy with the U.S. During his term, Bush, in an attempt to improve relations with Mexico, promised Mexico President Fox that he would propose a guest worker program, which he did. President Fox was happy, as were some Mexicans who still live in Mexico.

Arguments For: The guest