In Many Countries the Birth Rate Has Fallen So Low That the Population Is Actually Shrinking.

Assignment#2

In many countries the birth rate has fallen so low that the population is actually shrinking.

Gao Xiaozhu(Iris)

IE:14850323

Tutor:Kate Absolum

In the contemporary world,there is a decreasing trend of the birth rate in many countries,which actually contributes to the depopulation.Birth rate means the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area,the rate is significant and effective for society or individuals. This essay will analyse the facors which would cause the falling trend of birth rate,it follows that the development of contraception measures and birth control as well as spread of education.The main factors may result in an ever-decreasing figure in the fertility outcome,meanwhile low birth rate would have effects on society or nations,especially in economic growth.

Many factors planted the seeds of a lower birth rate.The first cause of the

falling birth rate was the development of contraception methods used.Many people regard pregnancy as a kind of family plan,as a consequence of that some measures related are used for preventing pregnancy.However,delayed child-bearing ,an increase in the number of women having no children,and a decline in the number of women having more than three children have been associated with lower fertility rates in Australia(Anonymous,2003).In addition,birth control was an independent facor in the fertility outcome—how significant a factor is still a controversial matter.Women could have the opportunity to get an education or pursue a career,and even seeking to better living standards with husband.Newsholme’s study showed that chief among those reasons for low fertility was parents’ wants to improve family well-being—calling for reproof only for the weathy(,2014).Thirdly,The spread of education may result in the declining birth rate.An increasing of the youngsters who access to higher education,which caused the birth rate for teenagers in the United States continued to fall.According to the National Center for Health Statistics at the Centers for disease Control and Prevention,reaching 29.4 births per 1,000 gils aged 15 to 19 years,which represents a 6% decrease from 2011 and a record low for the state(Anonymous,2014).

  These three main causes may lead to the low birth rate,the population of many countries has been impacted slightly by this trend and there would also be effects on society or nations,if the trend continues continuously.

One of the biggest effects of the low natality would be felt on the ageing

population in the next few decades.It means that fewer young people can look after the elderly population,this concern would be severe than before for society. For instance,there would be a large number of old people becoming homeless or dementia if the group cannot be cared for.Moreover,for the future,the reduced labor force participation and saving rates, changes in the population would cause a possible concern on the deceleration of economic growth. A research shows that a relatively large elder population would has a negative impact on economic growth and the proportion of the elderly in the total population has a greater negative impact on economic growth than a rise in the relative number of children(Lee,2013).Furthermore,the industries related might be affected by the declining birth rate,especially for midwives .The fewer infants need less midwives that as a result of the unemployment for a part of them.Cathy Warwick said that the gorverment encourages to train and recruit more midwives,if the number of births stops increasing,they might be able to reduce the midwives(Anonymous,2014).