Infection Disease

Chapters 6, 7 & 17 Study Questions

Due Tuesday, May 27th

1. Identify the components of the female reproductive system & describe their functions.

• Ovaries (main reproductive): produces eggs and estrogen and progesterone. It is main reproductive organ

• Follicile:

• Uterine: fertilization occurs, transfers eggs to uterus.

• Uterus: place where baby develops, it has walls of uterus:

• Labia majora: muscles of vagina and regulate temperature

2. Identify the structures of the male reproductive system and describe their functions.

• Testes

• Duct system вЂ" epididymis

• Spermatic chord

• Ejaculatory duct

• Urethra

• Glands

• Seminal Vesicles

• Prostate gland

• Bulbourethral gland cleans the area where semen and sperm come out.

3. What are the hormones produced by the male and female reproductive systems, where are they produced, and what do they do?

Male

• Testosterone is produced by interstitial cells. It is responsible for secondary sex characteristics such as deepening the voice, increased hair growth, enlargement skeletal muscle, and thickness of the bone

Female

• Estrogen is produced by mature follicle. It is responsible for secondary sex characteristics such as development of breasts, appearance of axillary and pubic hair, increased deposit of fat in hips and breasts, widening and lightening of the pelvis onset of menses

• Progesterone is produced by corpus luteum. It helps maintain pregnancy, works with estrogen to establish menstrual cycle, during pregnancy prepare for milk reproduction

4. What are the causes of infertility?

There are different causes of infertility for men and women:

• In men, it is due low level amount of sperm

• In women, it is caused by endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease

5. What are the major causes of cervical cancer?

Cervical cancer can occur because of frequent cervical inflammation, active sex

life with multiple partners, multiple pregnancy.

6. Where does fertilization occur?

Describe the process of human conception.

The fertilization occurs in fallopian tube

7. What are the stages of the menstrual cycle?

• Proliferative phase (estrogen increase) вЂ" egg develops and endometrium proliferates

• Secretory phase (estrogen and progesterone decrease suddenly) вЂ" endometrium thickens; secretion and blood supply increase, follicles manufactures progesterone

• Menstrual phase вЂ" surface of endometrium slough off and bleeding occurs.

8. What are the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome?

Some of premenstrual syndrome symptoms are:

• Mood changes

• Anxiety

• Dizziness

• Headaches

9. What are some of the treatments for premenstrual syndrome?

Some of the treatments for premenstrual syndrome are:

• Diuretics

• Sport Exercise

• Consume some calcium supplements

• Using less caffeine

10. List the major birth control methods as it is discussed in your text.

• Remove the penis from the vagina before ejaculation (withdrawal)

• Barrier methods - use condoms

• Hormonal methods - use contraceptives pill

• Surgical methods вЂ" sterilization(surgery)

11. What are the advantages of birth control pills?

The advantages of birth control pills are they can actually reduce the risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers.

12. What are some of the early warning signs of medical complications for pill users?

• Abdominal pain

• Chest Pain

• Headaches

• Eye problem

• Leg pain

13. What are the barrier birth control methods and what are the advantages and disadvantages of these methods?

Condom

Advantages

• Condoms give the greatest protection against STI

• Condoms are easy to obtain

Disadvantages

• Some people are allergic to latex

• Cervical cap

• Spermicide