Jane-Bertha Link In Jane Eyre

"Jane Eyre" is one of the most brilliant and popular novel written by Charlotte Bronte and it has successfully dealt with a number of issues that have not assumed the same poignancy in her other works of fiction. The book has handled certain very important issues such as racial discrimination, gender discrimination and others with great adroitness. Being centrally located around a woman most of the issues too, have been dealt with in context to her.

To begin with, it is interesting to note that in the novel 'Jane Eyre' the protagonist - Jane - has been depicted in three facets, which have been externalised as Bertha, Jane and Helen. In the text, Helen represents the ideal Christian ideology of sacrifice and endurance whereas Bertha is representative of many "dark" races, who were believed to have no faith, and of oppression, as a victim of it. In fact, it is taken to be the division of the female psyche - especially of the Victorian female psyche. Bertha and Helen are the extreme components of Jane's conscious - the evil and the good, respectively. They could and in fact, do represent the Victorian sexual ideologies - and in the narrative they function as implied connections to these beliefs. It is due to this polarity of the two characters that they have to be destroyed. Significantly, these characters are metaphorical representation of the different aspects of Jane's personalities and consciousness. It is following only this destruction of the ambiguities of Jane's character that she can develop fully. If the animalistic, violent and demonic Bertha has to be destroyed so does the little saint, the pious, intellectual Helen because they - both of them - restrict Jane's progress.

The resigned Helen - the closest friend and mentor of the child narrator - as we have already mentioned - is removed from the world of the novel by the process of death. Helen is in reality very similar to Jane though she appears far more pious and angelic. She fiercely craves for love, both emotional and physical, just like Jane, craves for it so much that when she does not get it from her father and from others around her she just resigns herself to the world. She starts looking forward to the ultimate union with her "maker", with God where she is assured she would get all the love that had been denied to her in the world. She is not just denied physical fulfilment and led to starvation, but the starvation is of the mind and heart. Also as Elaine Showalter mentions in her critical essay "Charlotte Bronte: Feminine Heroine" - 'She (Helen) is one extreme aspect of Jane's personalities, for Jane too is tempted by the world of the spirit and the intellect, and has a strong streak of masochism'. Helen's presence is, for Jane, regressive - her piety is overbearing for Jane and thus for her greater benefit - she being the main character - Helen has to be cleaned out of the world of the novel. Also with her death, Jane attains her first victory.

It is worthy of note that certain dispositions attributed to Bertha's character are actually exhibited in Jane's personality. Early on in the novel references to Jane's animalistic tendencies are made. John Reed calls Jane 'a bad animal' and 'a mad cat' and most of Jane's behavioural patterns can be credited to the same. In the Victorian era, there were a number of restrictions on the women's movements and behaviours. Such passionate conduct, as revealed by Jane, was definitely not acceptable from a girl child hence her unconventionality, her fury is termed animalistic. It is these animal aspects that are sought to be vanquished in Jane in her spell in the Lowood Institution; Jane's innate, 'obnoxious' qualities are severely repressed. The 'lusts of the vile body', in Mr. Brocklehurst's words, are sought to be restrained, their, namely the inmates of Lowood Institution, sexuality are entailed to be inhibited.

By a number of critics, Bertha is Jane's dark double, as we have already mentioned. The negativities of Jane's character are concentrated and exaggerated in her so that the full forces of these are felt with the utmost severity. Actually, she is taken to be the totally animalistic Jane. Towards the beginning of the novel we witness a scene where in jane is severely punished by way of confinement, in the later part of the novel we can take Bertha, or rather her condition to be the result of the said punishment. In actual fact, it said or rather is implied in the course of the novel that Bertha's present condition of senseless insanity is not her condition from the commencement; it is more like the result of her imprisonment of years. It also gives us an insight to what might have been Jane's condition if her spirits had been similarly caged up. However, Jane's madness lies simply in her passionate aspects and restlessness as Pallavi Gupta reveals in her critical essay "Hunger, Rebellion and Rage", '...this passionate aspect of Jane's character, which aligns her with Bertha Mason who is totally animalistic, brutalised and confined'; she further says that '...(this madness) in jane it is manifested in her perpetual "restlessness"'. Bertha is Jane's repressed anger - that of the discriminated punished and orphaned child, the subverted governess and the unfulfilled person.

One of the main aspects of comparison between Jane and Bertha are according to certain sexual standpoints. It has been often pointed out that Bertha represents Jane's sexually tormented subconscious. In the previous passages we have made several references to Jane's passion, these moments are sometimes seen as manifestations of Jane's quelled sexuality. Elaine Showalter points out that in Charlotte Bronte's time 'sexual appetite in a woman was considered one of the symptoms of moral insanity'. The representation of such psychological problem is seen in Bertha Mason, who is further the overt expression of some of Jane's dormant characteristics. Thus, it due to such notions that Jane is required to face a term in a place such a place as Lowood where the stern regime aims at curbing the girls' sexual desires. Further Elaine Showalter very significantly points out that 'madness is explicitly associated with female sexual passion, with the body, with the fiery emotions Jane admits to feeling for Rochester'.

In the beginning of this essay, we mentioned that among the several important issues dealt with in the novel several forms of oppression hold primary position. To attain this goal of a strong reproach on domination the author has, time and again, compared Jane and Bertha to people of the dark