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List of Muscles

Essay by   •  October 26, 2017  •  Study Guide  •  3,102 Words (13 Pages)  •  967 Views

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THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION

Anterior auricularis

  • Galea aponeurosis to cartilage of auricle
  • Draws auricle anteriorly and superiorly

Posterior auricularis

  • Mastoid process to posterior root of auricle
  • Draws auricle posteriorly

Superior auricularis

  • Galea aponeurosis to cartilage of auricle
  • Draws auricle superiorly and posteriorly

Frontalis (occipitofrontalis)

  • Galea aponeurosis to subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows
  • Elevates eyebrows

Occipitalis (occipitofrontalis)

  • Superior nuchal line and temporal bone to galea aponeurosis
  • Moves scalp

Orbicularis oculi

  • Maxilla, frontal and lacrimal bone to skin around margin of orbit and upper and lower eyelids
  • Closes eye

Corrugator supercilii

  • Nasal bridge and orbicularis oculi to skin of eyebrows
  • Draws eyebrows medially and inferiorly

Procerus

  • Bridge of nose to frontalis
  • Creates horizontal wrinkles in frowning

Levator palpebrae superioris

  • Lesser wing of sphenoid to upper eyelid
  • Elevates upper eyelid, opens eye

Nasalis

  • Maxilla to bridge and ala of nose
  • Dilates nostrils

Orbicularis oris

  • Modiolus of mouth to submucosa and dermis of lips
  • Closes and protrudes the lips

Levator labii superioris alaque nasi

  • Maxilla to upper lip
  • Elevates upper lip

Levator labii superioris

  • Maxilla to orbicularis oris of upper lip
  • Elevates upper lip

Zygomaticus minor

  • Zygomatic bone to orbicularis oris of upper lip
  • Elevates upper lip

Zygomaticus major

  • Zygomatic bone to angle of mouth
  • Elevates upper lip (also laterally) in laughing

Levator anguli oris

  • Maxilla to orbicularis oris (angle of mouth)
  • Elevates angle of mouth (smiling)

Risorius

  • Zygomatic arc and fascia near ear to modiolus of mouth
  • Draws angle of mouth laterally (laughing, horror)

Depressor anguli oris

  • Inferior margin of mandibular body to modiolus
  • Draws angle of mouth inferiorly and laterally

Depressor labii inferioris

  • Lower border of mandible to orbicularis oris of lower lip
  • Depresses lower lip

Buccinator

  • Alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible (lateral surface) to orbicularis oris at a angle of mouth
  • Compresses and retracts cheek

Mentalis

  • Mandible near inferior incisors to skin of chin at mental protuberance
  • Elevates and protrudes lower lip, elevates and wrinkles skin over chin

Platysma

  • Fascia of deltoid and pectoralis major to skin over inferior border of mandible
  • Depresses lower lip and wrinkles skin of neck and upper chest

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

Temporalis

  • Temporal fossa to anterior ramus of mandible and coronoid process
  • Elevates and retracts of mandible

Masseter

  • Zygomatic arch to lateral surface of mandibular ramus and angle
  • Elevates and protracts mandible

Medial pterygoid

  • Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate and lateral surface of maxilla to medial surface of mandibular ramus and angle
  • Protracts and elevates the mandible

Lateral pterygoid

  • Lateral side of lateral pterygoid plate and greater wing of sphenoid to condylar process of mandible and articular disc of TMJ
  • Protract and depresses mandible

TONGUE MUSCLES (muscles of chewing and swallowing)

Intrinsic muscles: Longitudinal, tranverse and vertical

  • Within tongue
  • Changes shape of tongue

Genioglossus

  • Genu of mandible posteriorly to inferior surface of tongue from root to apex
  • Depresses and protrudes of tongue

Hyoglossus

  • Body and greater horn of hyoid bone to lateral and inferior surfaces of tongue
  • Depresses tongue

Styloglossus

  • Styloid process of temporal bone to superolateral surface of tongue
  • Retracts tongue (draws tongue upward and posteriorly)

Palatoglossus

  • Soft palate to lateral surface of tongue
  • Elevates posterior part (root) of tongue, closes oral cavity off from pharynx

HYOID MUSCLES (muscles of chewing and swallowing)

SUPRAHYOID GROUP:

Digastric

  • Mastoid process (posterior belly) /mandible near midline (anterior belly) to hyoid bone
  • Depresses mandible (hyoid bone fixed) – opens mouth widely; elevates hyoid when mandible is fixed

Geniohyoid

  • Genu of mandible to body of hyoid
  • Depresses mandible protract hyoid

Mylohyoid

  • Body of mandible (inferior margin) to hyoid bone
  • Forms “floor” of mouth; Elevates floor of mouth (when swallowing)

Stylohyoid

  • Styloid process of temporal bone to hyoid
  • Elevates hyoid bone

INFRAHYOID GROUP:

Omohyoid

  • Superior border of scapula to hyoid
  • Depresses hyoid after it is elevated

Sternohyoid

  • Manubrium and first coastal cartilage to hyoid
  • Depresses hyoid

Thyrohyoid

  • Thyroid cartilage to hyoid
  • Depresses hyoid, elevates larynx (singing high notes)

Sternothyroid

  • Manubrium and first coastal cartilage to thyroid cartilage
  • Depresses larynx (singing low notes)

MUSCLES OF SOFT PALATE (Muscles of swallowing)

Tensor veli palatine

  • Sphenoid and auditory tube to soft palate
  • Tenses soft palate, opens auditory tube

Levator veli palatine

  • Temporal bone to soft palate
  • Elevates soft palate

Palatoglossus

  • Soft palate to tongue
  • Elevates posterior tongue

Palatopharyngeus

  • Soft palate to pharynx
  • Depresses palate, elevates pharynx

Uvulae

  • Posterior nasal spine to uvula
  • Elevates uvula

MUSCLES OF PHARYNX (Muscles of swallowing)

Superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors

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