Martin Luther King Junior

"One of the world's best known advocates of non-violent social change strategies, Martin Luther King, Jr. synthesized ideas drawn from many differentcultural traditions." (Carson 1). However, these protest strategies onlyfurthered racial segregation, resulting in the eventual death of King.

Michael King, who was later known as Martin Luther King, Jr. was born

January 15, 1929, at 501 Auburn Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia. His roots were in

the African-American Baptist church. After his junior year at Morehouse College,

Benjamin Mays influenced him to become a minister, the president of Morehouse

College. (Smith 1). He studied theologies at Crozer Theological Seminary in

Chester, Pennsylvania, and at Boston University, where he earned a doctorate in

systematic theologies in 1955. (Carson 1). While he was completing his Ph. D.

requirements, Martin Luther King, Jr. decided to return to the south. He became

the pastor of Dextor Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. (Smith 2).

Five days after Rosa Parks refused to obey the city's rules concerning

bus segregation, African-American residents of Montgomery, Alabama launched a

bus boycott. They elected Martin Luther King, Jr. as president of the Montgomery

Improvement Association. (Phillips 3). King received national prominence as the

boycott continued, due to his personal courage and exceptional oratical skills.

(Carson 2).

On charges on conspiracy, Martin Luther King, they bombed Jr.'s house,

and they arrested him along with other boycott leaders. (Mark 3). Despite these

actions taken against the boycott, Montgomery buses were desegregated in

December of 1956. The Supreme Court had declared Alabama's laws of segregation

unconstitutional.

During 1957, Martin Luther King, Jr. and other African-American

ministers established the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). As

president of the organization, King emphasized the importance of African-

American voting rights. (Phillips 5). King published his first book, Stride

Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story. In 1959, he toured India to increase his

knowledge and understanding of Gandhian non-violent strategies. By the end of

that year, King relinquished the pastorate of Dextor, and returned to Atlanta,

where the Southern Christian Leadership Conference headquarters was located.

(Carson 2).

Martin Luther King, Jr. did not arrange any mass protest activities

during the first five years to follow the Montgomery bus boycott. While King was

cautious, southern, African-American college students took the initiative,

launching many sit-in protests during the winter and spring of 1960. (Itory 3).

Conflicts between Martin Luther King, Jr. and the younger protestors were

evident when the Southern Christian Leadership Conference assisted the Albany

Movement's campaign both of mass protest during December of 1961 and during the

summer of 1962. (Phillips 2).

In 1963 Martin Luther King, Jr. and his staff guided mass demonstrations

in Birmingham, Alabama, where local, white police officials were known for their

anti-black attitudes.