Pneumonia Essay

Name: Fatimah yousef Al-Bira

 Section: 2

Essay #1 Final Copy

Pneumonia Essay

      Pneumonia is a situation that happens in the lungs that causes inflammation. In general it

is caused by infections, but there are many other causes such us bacteria, viruses, fungi and

parasites. Inhalations of toxic gases or aspiration are among other causes of pneumonia. It is

affects many different types of people in the world. The most people prone and likely to this

inflammation are older people above 65 years, people who have chronic diseases, people

having week immune system and children under 5 years old. The third cause of death among

children under 5 years old around the world is the Pneumonia. The rates of infection in

African Americans are higher three times in whites and are 5 to 10 times higher in Native

American adults. From 40,000 to 70,000 states of deaths occur around the world because of the

diagnosed process which do them every year on two to three million cases of pneumonia.

Pneumonia was the number one cause of death in the U.S in 1936. Since then, the rates of

pneumonia deaths have lowered because better treatments and medications have been

developed. [7] Pneumonia is typically diagnosed based on mixture of physical signs and a chest

ray. However, the basic cause can be hard to determine, as there is no conclusive test able to

distinguish between bacterial and non-bacterial origin. Pneumonia has many causes, some

points of prevention and symptoms. [1] [4] [6] 

     There are many causes of pneumonia. Normally, the air sacs in the lungs fill with air, but

because of pneumonia, the air sacs become filled with pus or other liquid. It is called

consolidation when air sacs in the lungs become filled with something other than air. A

pneumonia patient has difficulty breathing and oxygen cannot reach the blood stream as

efficiently because the lung's air sacs are not able to fill with air. These fluids collect in and

around the alveoli, thickening the walls and thus reducing gas exchange. This leads to hypoxia.

The most common germs can cause pneumonia are bacteria and viruses in the air we

breathe. While your body prevents these germs frominfecting your lungs, some germs can

conquer your immune system. the most common type of pneumonia that occurs outside of

hospitals or other health care facilities is Community-acquired.  Pneumonia It may be caused

by bacteria or viruses and less commonly by fungi and parasites. Only a few of infectious

agents responsible for the majority of the cases, although there are more than 100 strains of

them. In children, mixed inflammatory with both viruses and bacteria may occur in up to

45%, while in adults may occur in 15% of infections. Conditions and risk factors that lead

to pneumonia include smoking, immunodeficiency, alcoholism, chronic obstructive pulmonary

disease, asthma, chronic kidney disease, and liver disease. The most common cause of

community-acquired pneumonia are Bacteria (CAP). There are four cases of  isolated bacteria

include Homophiles influenza in 20%, Streptococcus pneumonia isolated in nearly 50%,

Chlamydophila pneumonia in 13%, and Mycoplasma pneumonia in 3% of cases;

Viruses account for approximately a third in adults and for about 15% of pneumonia cases in

children. Rhinoviruses, corona viruses, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus

(RSV), adenovirus, and parainfluenza are the most commonly implicated agents.The

Rare cause of pneumonia is Herpes simplex virus except in some people such as: newborns,

persons with cancer, transplant recipients, and people with significant burns. People who

have weakened immune systems due to AIDS, immunosuppressive drugs, or other medical

problems are have uncommon Fungal pneumonia. [4]

      Prevention includes vaccination, environmental measures and appropriate treatment of

other health problems. It is believed that, the rates of death among children could be

reduced by 400,000 if appropriate preventive measures were instituted globally ; also, if proper

treatment were universally available, mortality could be decreased by another 600,000.

Both in children and adults, vaccination prevents against certain bacterial and viral

pneumonias. Influenza vaccines are modestly effective at preventing symptoms of

influenza. (CDC) recommends every year vaccination for every person 6 months and

older. Immunizing health care workers  contribute to decrease the risk of viral pneumonia

among their patients. Treatment for pneumonia depends on the type of pneumonia people

have and how severe it is, and if they have other chronic diseases. The goals of treatment are to

cure the infection and prevent complications. Most people can be treated at home, but if people

pneumonia become so severe that they are treated in the hospital, they may receive fluids and

antibiotics in their veins, oxygen therapy, and possibly breathing treatments. With treatment,