Post Noir Examples

The Cinema of Czech Republic

Czechoslovakian History

At the end of World War I, Czechoslovakia emerged from the Austria- Hungary Empire. During World War II Czechoslovakia was under German control, but in 1939 it was liberated by the U.S. and Soviets. In 1947, it became a Communist driven country, after the suspicious death of Jan Masaryk, an non-communist foreign minister. Liberties were limited and trials were conducted from 1950 to 1952. Riots echoed the economic dissatisfaction. A very meek liberalization began in response but was repealed in 1957, when Antonin Novotny became president. But then in 1960 a new constitution was passed. Another guarded interest to liberalization was started in. Limitations on the press, education, and cultural activities were relieved, and neighboring authorities received amplified economic independence. Czechoslovakia became famous worldwide for its experimental theater work and its many superior films. But the Communist party kept political control of the country.

In 1968, Alexander Dubcek replaced Antonin Novotny as party leader. Under Alexander Dubcek democratization went further than any of the other Communist states. Press censorship was condensed, and the refurbishment of an authentically democratic political living appeared achievable. Very much concerned about the interpreted threat to the Soviet defense of the Soviet Communist party, the USSR attacked Czechoslovakia in 1968. Even though resistance by the public, the USSR enforced the revoke of most of the reforms. A altered constitution was publicized. In 1969 Dubcek was replaced as party leader, and in 1970 he was expelled from the party.

In the early part of the 1970s, there were multiple attempts to destroy opposition, including mass arrests, union cleansing, and spiritual discrimination. The brutal rule was constant all through the 1970s even with inflation and a slow economy. In 1977, the emergence of a declaration of human rights known as the Charter 77, which was signed by seven hundred scholars and previous party leaders, prompted further exploitive measures. In 1989 the police originally concealed large revolutionary displays. As democratization swept through Eastern Europe, the Communist party decided to call it quits. A new non-Communist cabinet took rule and VÐ"ÐŽclav Havel, a playwright, became president. In 1990 the Czechoslovakia began the shift to a market economy with a wide plan intended to persuade private enterprise and outsider investment. The "Velvet Revolution" was effectively finished with the removal of the last Soviet troops in 1991, and an open parliamentary election in 1992.

The newly established government was presented with numerous obstacles, including an unproductive economic system in need of extreme modifications, elevated unemployment, extensive social dissatisfaction, and environmental pollution. Under the 1968 constitution, Czechoslovakia was a federal republic. In 1992, it split in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic.

Contemporary Czechoslovakian Cinema

The Czechoslovakian film industry dramatically changed following the Velvet Revolution and the fall of communism in 1989. Studios were no longer assured productions and money from the government. "Foreign film studios discovered the Czech Republic and the dramatic increase in foreign productions more than made up for the decrease in local films." The Czech Republic became an eye-catching setting for foreign filmmakers credited to its historical splendor and well conserved architecture that was not damaged by World War I or World War II. Lesser filming expenses, joined with the extended account of the Czech film industry and the resulting expertise of local crews are also a feature. To sustain the increasing amount of foreign film projects, local production companies as well as companies supplying casting, lighting, editing, and special effects services have been created. Most of this occurs in Prague. "The film poetics of the 1960s were irretrievably lost and the creators of the New Wave were at the very least banned from making films in the