Regional Paper

.1 INTRODUCTION

I.2 POLITICS OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION

Multiple Membership of Regional Integration Arrangements

Overlapping Mandates but Different Approaches to Regional Integration

Multiple Membership Seems to be Inefficient and Costly

Trade and/or Development Agreements within the International Context make for a Fluid Operating Environment in Southern Africa

Implications for the Bank

I.3 THE POLITICAL SITUATION IN THE SOUTHERN AFRICA REGION

I.4 THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION IN SOUTHERN AFRICA

A Relatively Small Sub-Regional Market but Size More than 50% of SSA's GDP

Wide Disparities in Socio Economic Development among Countries within the Sub-Region Associated with Small and Weak Markets

Vast Differences in Population Size and Dispersion

Uneven Levels of Income across and within Countries

Low Levels of Human Development: A Structural Economic Weakness, Compounded by HIV/AIDS

Insufficient and/or Inefficient Infrastructure: An Obstacle to Production and Trade Development in General, Especially for Landlocked Areas

Uneven Development of Financial Systems

Uneven Economic Size, Undiversifie d Production Structures and Commodity Dependence

I.5 ECONOMIC REFORMS AND OUTCOMES

Economic Reforms

Macroeconomic Reforms

Changes in Investment Regimes

Trade Reforms

Economic Outcomes

Budget Performance

Inflation

Real Interest Rates

Savings and Investment

External Performances: Current Account Balance

Trade

External Debt and Aid Dependence

HIPC and Poverty Reduction Strategy

Economic Growth

Income Convergence in SADC

I.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS

PART II:

REGIONAL INITIATIVES AND ACTIVITIES

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II.1 INTRODUCTION

II.2 PROGRESS IN THE PROTOCAL DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

II.3 TRADE, INDUSTRY, FINANCE AND INVESTMENT

Trade

Limitations and Implications of the SADC Trade Protocol

Relationships with other Regional Groupings Ð'- The Case of COMESA

Differences in Rules of Origin

COMESA Free Trade Area: Implementation Status and Related Issues

The Way Ahead

Finance and Investment

Background to Cooperation

Cooperating Mechanism and Cooperation Agenda

Protocol Development Process and Way Forward

Industry

Background

Mining

Reforms in the Mining Sector

Recent Investments in Mining

II.4 INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES

Transport and Communications

Regional Cooperation and Integration through the Transport, Communications and Meteorology Protocol.

Implementation Status of SADC Protocol on Transport, Communications and Meteorology

Institutional Framework for Managing and Implementing the Protocol

Monitoring of Progress in Protocol Implementation

Reforms to Attract Private Investments

Regional Cooperation in the Road Sub-Sector

Transport Corridors

Communications

Energy

The SADC Protocol on Energy: Objectives and Implementation Status

SADC Energy Sector Activity Plan 2000-2005

Energy Sector Reforms

The Southern African Power Pool: An Example of a Promising Regional Cooperation Initiative

Water

Tourism

Protocol for the Development of Tourism: Objectives and Implementation Status

Tourism Development Strategy, 2001-2005, Actions and Projects

II.5 FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES

Background

Regional Strategy, Policy Objectives and Institutional Arrangements

Food Security Program

Agricultural Research and Training

Crops

Livestock Production and Animal Disease Control

Fisheries

Marine Fisheries and Resources

Inland Fisheries

Forestry

Wildlife