Sam Spade

The Maltese Falcon: The Film & Book

Dashiell Hammett was a prolific writer of short stories for the pulp magazines in the 1920s-1930s, but only wrote five mystery novels. Most of his works involved his anonymous detective The Continental Op, an employee of one of the big national detective agencies. Sam Spade became popular because of the movies, but didn't feature in much of this author's work. Hammett's greatest skill was his combination of terse presentation, witty dialogue, and a plain style, which is why Hammett is so well known now. It should be pointed out that he followed the proper conventions of the detective story in presenting complex crimes that can be solved by deduction from clues. He is considered the progenitor of the hard-boiled private eye novel, although this already existed in the pulps for which he was writing. What Hammett did do is raise the level of writing to the extent that it can be considered 'literature', making him one of the most influential mystery authors even without being prolific.

In the Maltese Falcon, Hammett's most famous detective is Sam Spade, who appears only in this novel and three rather trivial short stories. This mystery became John Huston's classic movie with Bogart, Lorre, Greenstreet, and others and lifted dialogue intact from this book, that's how vividly written it is. One of the early but hardly surpassed hard-boiled detective stories. The mood of this masterpiece puts it right up there with the best of the 'noirs'. Like all Hammett books, it is short, but its terse and economical style contains enough detail for a much longer novel. It is crammed with details and events. Hence the movie necessarily crops a lot out of the sub-plots and other incidentals. Most scenes hold up remarkably intact in spirit, including word-for-word reproduction of the dialogue. And Sam Spade, described as a 'blond Satan', built like an Easter Island statue and defined by the letter V as to his facial features, is not Bogart, quite he is also somewhat sleazy, not just hard-boiled but venal. Bogart's Sam Spade is cynical, callous and complex. Here is a detective who tells lies easier than he speaks the truth and carelessly sleeps with his partner's wife. When the chips are down, however, Spade rises to a higher standard of morality than any of the film's other characters. As an example, despite his admitted attraction to the sultry and seductive Brigid who has admitted setting up Spade's partner, Miles Archer, Spade coldly turns her in to the police, "When your partner is killed, you have to do something about it". He also hand-rolls his cigarettes, which like pipe-tamping adds a casual deliberation to scenes, lack of concern that cannot be conveyed as well by somebody just taking one out of a pack. Lorre, of course, was perfect as Joel Cairo, and Greenstreet as Casper 'By-Gad-Sir' Gutman (though in the book Cairo is more blatantly homosexual and Gutman far more grossly fat, defined by 'jouncing bulbs' as Hammett puts it). I think sex is something that was of course downplayed in the movie because of the time it was made. In the early days there wasn't the technology we have today, but the book makes it clear that Spade slept with Brigid and that he had an adulterous relationship with his partner's wife Iva that sub-plot mostly glossed over in the film although it makes more explicable the reason why the cops are on Spade's case so vehemently.

Also eliminated, or cut back, were the amusing scenes involving Spade and his lawyer, Sid Wise. A fine scene where Spade is called in to the DA's office, where the latter is trying to make a connection between murder victim Thursby's involvement with a missing gambling mobster and Spade's client which is a traditional mystery red herring not even mentioned in the movie. Spade's whole ethic throughout is to protect the privacy of his clients from meddling law folk, a theme that is basic to the book. Gutman's drugged daughter. The affectionate relationship with his pip of a secretary