Similarities Between

Similarities Between

Charlotte Gilman's "The Yellow Wallpaper"

and Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea.

Charlotte Gilman's "The Yellow Wallpaper" and Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea are stories about women's tragic lives in the late nineteenth and mid twentieth centuries. These two stories contain many similarities. In the novel Wide Sargasso Sea, the main character Rochester drives his wife to insanity. Similarly, in the short story "The Yellow Wallpaper", John drives his wife insane. In addition, both women are isolated, oppressed, and ignored.

Wide Sargasso Sea

In Wide Sargasso Sea, much of Antoinette Cosway's life is concerned with her isolation and oppression. She is isolated and oppressed from her society, her mother, and, later, her husband. These relationships are crucial to the life of Antoinette. To begin with, young Antoinette experienced isolation early in her life. As a white Creole child, she lived in the farm within a black society that hates her and her family. Very often Antoinette and her family are called white cockroaches:

I never looked at any strange negro. They hated us. They called us white cockroaches. One day a little girl followed me singing, 'Go away white cockroach, go away.' I walked fast, but she walked faster. 'White cockroach, go away, go away. Nobody wants you. Go away.' (Rhys 13)

The entire black society wants the family to suffer, knowing that Antoinette's father died and the farm went to ruin. After her father's death, they understand that the family lost male strength and thus, they turned against Antoinette, her mother, and her little brother. Her mother, Annette, still young and beautiful, tries to survive and remarries a wealthy man, Mr. Mason. This act does not diminish the community's hatred. Eventually, they force the family out of town by setting fire to the house. With sadness and horror, Antoinette says, "Nothing would be left, the golden ferns and the silver ferns, the orchids and the honeysuckle, and the picture of the Miller's daughter" (Rhys 27). When the family tries to get away, the black society mocks her family by saying: "Look, the white niggers! Look the damn white niggers" (Rhys 27). Antoinette watches her house burn to the ground and then suddenly, she notices her friend, Tia, among a crowd of slaves. Instead of running away from them, Antoinette runs toward them but Tia hits her with a stone:

I saw Tia and her mother and I ran to her.... As I ran, I thought, I will live with Tia and I will be like her. Not to leave Coulibri. Not to go. Not. When I was close I saw the jagged stone in her hand but I did not see her throw it. I did not feel it either, only something wet, running down my face crumple up as she began to cry. We stared at each other, blood on my

face, tears on hers. It was as if I saw myself. Like in a looking glass. (Rhys 27).

As Uraizee points out, "despite [Antoinette] being subject to racial prejudice, [when] Tia seems to find some kind of security in her blackness that Antoinette, for all her money and power, lacks" (n.p.). Antoinette was unconscious for six weeks as a result of what Tia had done to her, but even though Tia and Antoinette were the same age, shared similar interests and were once best friends. Obviously, Tia hurt Antoinette badly, so Antoinette suffered greatly not only physically but also mentally- she lost her the only one friend. At this point Antoinette is in pain and is very lonely.

All these incidents described Antoinette's isolation and oppression within the society she existed. Moreover, isolated and oppressed Antoinette suffers from lack of her mother's attention. Annette ignores her daughter all the time. Annette speaks of taking away, her younger son, Pierre, with her but never mentions Antoinette. "I will not stay at Coulibri any longer' my mother said. It is not safe for Pierre" (Rhys 21). Annette pushes her daughter away without emotion and concentrates her attention on Pierre. She pushes her daughter away even when Antoinette has a nightmare and seeks comfort from her mother. Annette merely states, "You making such a noise. I must go to Pierre, you've frightened him," (Rhys 16). Furthermore, when Antoinette asks to see already mad Annette, Aunt Cora is hesitant, but takes her. Antoinette states, "I put my arms round her and kissed her...'I am here, I am here,' I said and she said 'No,' quietly. Then 'No no no' very loud and flung me from her. I fell against the partition and hurt myself" (Rhys 29). It was Annette's final act of pushing her daughter away.

Antoinette's isolation and oppression does not cease with childhood. It continues into adulthood when she marries Rochester, a young British gentleman. As the second son of the family he decides to marry Antoinette to secure his own fortune. He does not want to depend on his father's money because the law of primogeniture that existed during that time period did not permit him to. In fact, for Rochester money is really important. As soon as he can, Rochester writes to his father that he will not be a financial burden any longer. He writes: "I will never be a disgrace to you or to my dear brother the son you love. No begging letters, no mean requests... I have sold my soul ..." (Rhys 41). Obviously, Rochester marries Antoinette without any kind of feelings and enthusiastically accepts her money and her property. Further, Antoinette falls wildly in love with Rochester, who never returns her feelings. Once he finds out about her family history of insanity, he starts to change his attitude towards her. His distrust of her and his disdain of the home and people she loves soon result in a barrier between them. Rochester states, "I was tired of these people. I disliked their laughter and their tears, their flattery and envy, conceit and deceit. And I hated the place...Above all I hated her" (Rhys 103). Antoinette soon realizes the truth that her husband does not love her, perhaps hates her. Feeling oppressed, isolated and lonely, she begs her old nurse, Christophine, for a love potion, hoping that magic will bring Rochester back to her. Unfortunately, the potion has entirely the opposite effect and Rochester commits adultery with

Amelie, a black girl who hates Antoinette. As a result, Antoinette is distraught by this act of hatred.

In addition to oppressing Antoinette, Rochester isolates her. He does not even call her by her own