\Social Programs In Russia

Another country. The possibility of realisation of prior national projects appeared only because of forming of new conditions for development. Russian Federation became a new country by 2006. Since crisis in 1998 several important problems were solved as security and national sovereign. The external politic position was strengthened, also was achieved internal stability, and as well the macroeconomic situation improved dramatically.

For the first time in last decades there are resources for development. Of course not at one time and not as much as needed. But in summer of 2006 took place a significant event - Russia turned into a country-creditor, after being for long time a country-borrower. The big recession of economy of 90s was stopped; the sequences of the crisis were partly overcome.

Though the country has many problems to overcome. The whole 2006 year the problems as education, healthcare and demography were every day in centre of attention of the Government. Thus for salvation of these problems government introduced new modified programmes. The combination of two factors - politic priority and project form of organisation - allowed achieving the effective coordination at federal, regional and local levels. In whole the problems and difficulties were defined clearly and correctly.

We consider 3 main directions of programs as was said before - healthcare, education, demography. So I would like to say more about these national projects and programs.

Healthcare.

Nowadays the situation is characterised by low birth rate (10.2 event to 1000 of population), high death rate (16.1 event to 1000 of population), especially among men of capable-working age. Every year in Russian Federation are registered more than 200 bln different diseases. The major part takes the diseases of respiratory apparatus (26%), diseases of circulatory system (14%), and diseases of digestive apparatus (8%). The average life length in year 2004 amounted 65.3, more precise - 58.9 years for men, 72.3 years for women. But during the realisation of the project 'Health' some positive tendencies can be seen. In year 2006 death-rate decreased at 138 thousand people, the amount of born babies increased from 1215 babies in 2000 to 1476 babies in 2006.

Here are the main targets or prior national project in sphere of healthcare.

* Strengthening of health of Russian population, decrease of rate of disease, disablement, mortality

* Increase of availability and quality of medical care

* Strengthening of first section of healthcare, creation of conditions for rendering effective medical care before pre-admission period.

* Development of preventive sphere of healthcare.

* Satisfaction of population's needs in high technological medical care

And here are the main directions of national project 'Health'

- Development of first medical and sanitary aid, that assumes the following:

* Training and retraining of doctors with family practice, regional doctors-therapeutics and podiatrists

* Increase of salaries for medical staff of first rate, obstetrical points and first aid

* Strengthening of material and technological base of diagnostic service of policlinics and ambulance organisations, first aid, women consultancies

* Precautions of aids, hepatitis B and C, recognition and cure of infected patients

* Additional vaccination of population

* Introduction of new programs for newborn inspection

* Rendering of medical care for women while pregnancy and delivery in all public and municipal organisations oh healthcare sector

- Supply of population with high technological service

* Increase of volumes of rendering the high technological medical care

* Building of new centres of high medical technologies, training of personnel for this centres

Why exactly these actions are needed? It is well known that it is much easier to prevent the disease, than to cure it. Thus, all programs aimed at supporting the first level medical care are ment for seasonable aid and seasonable revelation and prevention of many diseases. More over the significant amount of people can't get the sufficient high technology medical care because of insufficient financing of this sphere. The aim of prior national project in sphere of healthcare is to make the high technological medical care available for as many people as possible.

Another national project concerns educational sphere. Nowadays the connection between qualitative education and good perspective of building the civil society, effective economy and safe country is obvious. For a country that is oriented to innovative way of development. It is very important to give the educational system the stimulus for growth and development - that is the main aim for prior national program 'Education'.

For realisation of this task there are two strategies. First method is to detect the possible 'growth points'. The government will stimulate the innovative programs, encourage the best teachers, pay the grants to young teachers; which means to count on leaders and to spread their experience. It is necessary to encourage those who is able and wanting to work, that is why the financial support will receive the most efficient and effective educational practices - because afterwards they can give the society the examples of qualitative education, that can guarantee the progress and professional success. The second method the project assumes the integration of new managerial mechanisms, creation of tutorial and managerial councils and attraction of social organisations to administration in educational sphere.

Also there will be big overpatching in mechanisms of financing of educational institutions. Budgetary funds on realisation of development programs will be sent directly to schools and the new program for payment system will be oriented at stimulating the quality and effectiveness of teaching.

* Stimulation of educational institutions that use the innovative technologies in study programs

* Informatization of education. During 2 years schools that don't have the Internet access, will have the