Summery on 10 Books of Architecture Book 9

BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY ILASA    DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE ASSIGNMENT II  

       ON 10 BOOKS OF ARCHITECTURE BOOK IX SUMMERY

SUB.TO: ELZAMOL G.

                                                BY: YOHANNES A

                                                ID:  0702527 

THE ZODIAC AND

THE PLANETS

Due to the intelligence of the divine the shadow of a gnomon at the equinox is different in different nations. The length of the shadow at the equinox is used in constructing the figure of analemma. Analemma is found by observation of the shadow and it’s the basis of calculating the course of the sun. through Architectural principles and the employment of compasses we find out the operation of the universe.

The word universe means assemblage of all nature, and it also means the

heaven that is made up of the constellations and the courses of the stars. The heaven revolves steadily round earth and sea on the pivot at the ends of its axis. The architect at this points was the power of Nature, By putting earth and sea at the center and round the pivot she formed the circle in which the heaven passes on its everlasting way. The central point in the north is high above the earth, while on the south, the region below is beneath the earth and consequently hidden by it. across the middle, and obliquely inclined to the south, there is abroad circular belt composed of 12 signs. Whose stars arranged in 12 equivalent division, represents each a shape which nature has depicted. These stars moves round the earth and sea in glittering array. They are all visible or invisible according to fixed time. These signs steadily revolve from east to west. The moon, mercury, Venus, the sun, as well as mars, Jupiter, and Saturn differing from one another in the magnitude of their orbits. The moon takes 28 days plus about an hour to complete a lunar month. The sun takes a full month to move across the space of one sign (i.e. 1/12 of the firmament).  Some planets like Venus and mercury there movement sometimes retrograde and pause; vitruves thinks the reason is:  “Heat summons and attracts everything towards itself the sun with his ray diverging in the form of a triangle, attract the stars which follow him, as it were, curbs and restrains. Those not allowing them to make progress, but obliging them to retrograde towards himself until he passes out in the sign that belongs to different triangle”. The temperature of these stars determined by their location or distance from the sun. the stars near to the sun is hot and far from the sun or near to the firmament is cold the stars found in the middle have moderate temperature.

THE PHASES OF

THE MOON

There are two explanations on the phases of the moon: 1, Berosus   2, Aristarchus

1, BEROSUS: moon is a ball. One half luminous and the rest of a ball color. The moon attracted by the sun during her course of orbit, because she passed below him. When she is perpendicular to the sun ray she is known as the new moon. Second day the moon, when the effect of the sun upon her relaxes, and the outer edge of the luminous side sheds its light upon earth. On the seventh day the sun being in the west and the moon in the middle of the firmament between the east and west, therefor half of the luminous side is turned towards the earth. On the fourteenth day the sun and the moon separated by the entire extent of the firmament, she is at the full moon.

2, ARISTARCHUS: moon has no her own light. Of all the seven stars, the moon Travers the shortest orbit, and her course is the nearest to the earth. In every month on the day before she gets past the sun, she is under his disc and rays, these results hidden and invisible. When she is thus in conjunction with the sun, she is called the new moon. On the next day, she gets past the sun and shows thin edge of her sphere. Three days away from the sun, she waxes and grows brighter. On the fourteenth day, being diametrically across the whole extent of the firmament

From the sun, she is at her full and rises when the sun is setting. On the seventeenth day, at sunrise, she is inclining to the west. On the twenty-second day, after sunrise, the moon is about mid-heaven; hence, the side exposed to the sun is bright and the rest dark. Continuing thus her daily course, she passes under the rays of the sun on about the twenty-eighth day, and so completes the account of the month.

THE COURSE OF THE SUN THROUGH THE TWELVE SIGNS 

The sun entering the sign Aries ---Taurus ---Gemini---Cancer--- head and breast of Leo --- Cancer --- Virgo --- Taurus --- Libra --- Scorpio --- Sagittarius --- Capricornus --- Aquarius --- Pisces

During the course of the sun from one sign to the other, the weather condition changes with it.

THE NORTHERN AND THE SOUTHERN

CONSTELLATIONS

 There are so many stars in each side with different arrangement

ASTROLOGY AND WEATHER PROGNOSTICS

In the track of their discoveries, Eudoxus, Euctemon, Callippus, Meto, Philippus, Hipparchus, Aratus, and others discovered the risings and settings of the constellations, as well as weather prognostications from astronomy through the study of the calendars, and this study they set forth and left to posterity. Their learning deserves the admiration of humankind; for they were so solicitous as even to be able to predict, long beforehand, with divining mind, the signs of the weather, which was to follow in the future.