Swan Lake - Romantic Ballet

SWAN LAKE

Ð''Swan Lake' was re-choreographed by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov in1895, after initially being choreographed by Julius Reisinger in 1877. The musical score was composed by Pytor Tchaikovsky. Ð''Swan Lake' was created towards the end of the romantic period, so the culture and style of romanticism was prominent, with glimpses of the beginning of the classical era. Because of this, it contains elements of both eras. Some of the romantic characteristics include the pursuit of the unattainable, romance, fantasy, focus on the female role, gas lighting and simple sets, pointe work, soft and feminine technique for females and the bell tutu. Some of the classical features include the length of the ballet, the classical tutu and more advanced technique for both males and females.

Ð''Swan Lake' was first performed in 1877 at the Bolshoi theatre in Moscow, by the Imperial Bolshoi Ballet. Ð''Swan Lake' was choreographed originally choreographed by Julius Reisinger, and later re-choreographed more successfully by Marius Petipa an admired and well known choreographer. The Petipa and Ivanov version is the one we still see today. The score was written by Pytor Ilyich Tchaikovsky, a composer who often worked closely with Petipa.

During the romantic period, a rapid development in society had occurred. Scientific advances lead to a rise in education, huge interest in poetry the arts, particularly the opera and the ballet, and a rebellion against traditionalism. The romantic era took risks, and tested society in what is acceptable, by raising issues such feminism, religion, and breaking free from the conformity that had been around for years.

When Ð''Swan Lake' was first performed, it wasn't a success, but not, as some critics said, a failure. The first production of Ð''Swan Lake' was performed 41 times with 3 productions over 6 years. This was well above norm of a new ballet. During this first production, it's claimed that the music was far too advanced and complex for this ballet, and the conductor and orchestra did not meet the need of the perspicacious score. The choreography by Julius Reisinger was also considered disjointed and tedious to watch. A critic wrote "Mr. Reisinger's dances are weak in the extreme.... Incoherent waving of the legs that continued through the course of four hours - is this not torture? The corps de ballet stamp up and down in the same place, waving their arms like a windmill's vanes - and the soloists jump about the stage in gymnastic steps." Critics also said that the designs were disjointed as three designers were working on the production, and they worked separately, without discussing their ideas to each other.

Anna Sobeshchanskaya, prima Ballerina at the time, did not play role of Odette until the fifth performance, due to political reasons. The governor general of Moscow had given jewels to her, and despite that she went and married a dancer. This offended the Governor General, so the company used Pelagia Mikhailovna Karpakova, a less talented dance to play the lead dual role.

Marius Petipa had seen potential in Ð''Swan Lake' and took on the challenge of re-choreographing with Lev Ivanov in the other Russian imperial theatre in St. Petersburg, the Marinsky Theatre. This proved far more successful, and because it was produced in 1895, at the beginning of the era in which classical ballets such as the Ð''Nutcracker' and Ð''Sleeping Beauty' were produced. The elements of the classical ballets were also incorporated into Ð''Swan Lake' making it new and exciting for the audience.

Ð''Swan lake' is a story set in medieval times in Germany, about a compassionate prince who falls in love with a princess who takes the form of a swan by day, due to a spell by an evil wizard von Rothbart. Von Rothbart keeps then apart through several means, but there undying love for each other brings then together, even though their love results in death.

In Act I, Prince Siegfried becomes of age, and is thrown a party, in which he needs to find a bride, to be his queen. Seigfried is not interested in any of the women presented to him. He sees a flock of swans fly past, and he decides to go hunting with his friends to cheer him up.

In act II, he sees one of the swans closely and realises she is not a swan but the beautiful princess Odette, and as they dance she tell prince Siegfried of the spell she and the others are under , and how they take the form of a swan by day, and themselves after midnight until dawn. She tells him that the only way the spell can be broken is if she was to fall in love. The prince takes pity on her, and as a result falls in love with her. Siegfried begs Odette to go to a ball the following evening. She explains that she can only attend after midnight. Von Rothbart hears everything, as he has taken the form of an owl, who had been eavesdropping the whole time.

Act III is set at the ball, where Siegfried is introduced to six princesses, none of which he is interested in. Then Rothbart enters in disguise, with his daughter Odile, who is under a spell to look like Odette. Siegfried is fooled by the disguise, and together they joyfully watch a number of national dances before claiming Odile, under the misconception that she is Odette as his chosen bride. Von Rothbart makes prince Siegfried swear that he will never leave Odile, and Siegfried happily swears that oath.

Act IV is set at the lake side, where Odette and the other swans are distraught over Siegfried's unfaithfulness. The other swans leave as Siegfried arrives and apologises profusely. Odile and von Rothbart enter in their true form and Rothbart reminds him of the oat he made to Odile. Prince Siegfried has to choose between keeping his word and his love for Odette, and as a result he takes Odette and they jump into the lake and drown, the other swans also drive Odile and von Rothbart into the lake, and are left to their deserved fate.

Some of the themes of a romantic ballet are shown in the plot of Ð''Swan Lake', along with a few from the classical Ballets. A theme of romance between Odette and Prince Seigfried, is evident with their oath of undying love for each other. Romance was very important in a classical ballet, as the romantic era affected peoples emotions, and Although the plots may be fictional, the themes were always real and universal

Also the pursuit of the unattainable is also evident, with prince Siegfried not wanting any of the princesses available, but instead wanting to be with someone