The Best President In American History:Abraham Lincoln

What defines a great President and what do we mean when we say someone is “the greatest”?

Firstly a great President must be viewed as person who has achieved success in the office they hold. That includes effective implementation of policies which are clearly expressed prior to election and that are in the interests of the people who elected them. This is the very foundation of Democracy within the United States and was defined by Abraham Lincoln as “government of the people, by the people, for the people”.

Throughout his presidency Lincoln never wavered in adherence to the principles he firmly believed in though he adapted and changed policies in the face of changing circumstances and experience to obtain his goals.

It can truly be said that Lincoln was directly responsible for the maintenance of the Union of the States which he passionately believed was essential to the continuance of the American nation. He left the nation a more perfect Union by ensuring that Federal authority superceded State sovereignty. But he also changed the course of American history, being remembered best for his introduction of the Emancipation Proclamation which freed all slaves within the Confederacy and changed the civil war from a battle to preserve the Union into a battle for freedom. He is also remembered for his great ability at oratory and the 13th amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

However, to be “the greatest” President requires a depth of measurement not possible from the achievements of office alone. Naturally it requires subjective review and reasoning and I shall elucidate my thoughts on the personal man behind the role of Presidential leader also.

“If any personal description of me is thought, it may be said, I am in height six feet, four inches, nearly, lean in flesh, weighing, on an average, one hundred and eighty pounds; dark complexion, with course black hair, and grey eyes вЂ" no other marks or brands recollected.”

So Abraham Lincoln wrote of himself in a brief biographical sketch on December 20th 1859. It is typical of the man that he should be so blunt, self-deprecating, honest, humorous and humble. Yet it says nothing of the “whole” man, who he really was and the enormous impact he was to have upon the lives of millions of people, the country of America and the world as a whole.

What makes this man so extraordinary is not necessarily his accomplishments, which themselves were immense, but the fact that he achieved them in the face of hardship and frequent failure. His failures have even served as a model to inspire people to overcome great obstacles and life’s difficulties.

He failed as a business man, a farmer and in his first attempt to obtain political office. When he was elected to the legislature he failed when he sought the office of speaker. Similarly he failed in his first attempt to go to Congress and when he sought the appointment to the United States Land Office. He also failed when he ran for the United States Senate. Even when his friends sought to nominate him for the Vice-Presidency in 1856 he failed to win it! But Lincoln never gave up and applied his belief in hard work to changing his life from it’s humble beginnings.

Abraham Lincoln was born on Sunday February 12th 1809 in a log cabin near Hodgenville, Kentucky. At the time this was frontier land; isolated and tough.

His father was a farmer and carpenter. His mother, an intelligent, sensitive and somewhat sad and reflective woman, died when he was 9 years old. He suffered deeply when she passed and some would say he never recovered from her loss. It was the beginning of a life time of dark brooding and fed his fatalism which was to pervade his future life at times. His struggle with this continuing depression (some now claim that perhaps he was bi-polar, “Lincoln’s Melancholy” by Joshua Wolf Shenk) and his ability to deal with it and achieve all that he did without modern medication and therapies, reveals an amazing personal will power.

Both his parents were members of the Baptist church which had separated from another church due to opposition to slavery. This influenced him greatly and he could never remember a time when he did not think that slavery was wrong. However, he had no personal experience of slavery during his formative years and did not in fact come across the reality until much later. From an early age therefore, Lincoln showed his integrity and ability to see what was just and unjust without the need for personal experience. He showed a breadth of vision not seem by many of his educated peers.

The total time he spent in what was regarded as school out in such a wilderness amounted to less than a year.

But Abraham was unusual. He would go to any length to read newspapers and books, often walking miles just to borrow one. He repeated facts to himself out loud until they were fixed in his mind. He regarded himself as different from those around him and he was. He often wrote documents for his illiterate neighbors and repeated the minister’s sermon humorously by standing on a tree stump, until he had his audience in fits of laughter.

There appeared to be a driving ambition within him to be special, unique and to need attention and recognition.

The early years of his life were harsh. The family moved several times due to disputes over ownership of their land and each time they moved and claimed new land they had to cut down the tress, build a new log cabin and work the land, being ever at the mercy of the seasons and constantly in the shadow of sickness, starvation and death.

In 1819 he obtained a job on a flat boat taking cargo down the Mississippi river to New Orleans. It was his first time in a large city and the first time he had ever seen the reality of slavery. He witnessed slaves being bought and sold and it had a major impact on him, reinforcing his genuinely held conviction that the institution of slavery was wrong.

At the age of 22 he left home for good and moved to New Salem Illinois which had a population at the time of only 100 people, but was the largest place he had ever lived in. After eight months he ran for the state legislature. This is itself was remarkable since he had barely established himself there. Although he failed to win, he received 277 of the 300 votes from New Salem itself. He easily made friends and loved to tell jokes and stories which people appreciated, while his whole body convulsed when he laughed. His sense of humor was an integral and essential part of his character, which he continuously used to entertain others or medicate the