The Issues Surrounding Alzheimer's Disease

Dementia is the loss of intellectual and social abilities severe enough to interfere with daily functioning. For centuries, people called it senility and considered it an inevitable part of aging. It is now known that dementia is not a normal part of the aging process and that it is caused by an underlying condition. People with this condition need special assistance to carry on with their normal lives. This paper will explain some of the social services that are helping to combat this disease and an analysis of the services effectiveness. More than four million older Americans have Alzheimer's, the most common form of dementia. And that number is expected to triple in the next 20 years as more people live into their 80s and 90s. Still, there's reason for hope. There are as yet no cures, but researchers studying Alzheimer's have made progress, especially in the last 5 years. New drugs that can temporarily improve mental abilities in some people with mild Alzheimer's are now available, and more drugs are being studied. Researchers also have discovered several genes associated with Alzheimer's. Furthermore, scientists are defining subgroups of dementias and their distinguishing characteristics in the hopes of refining treatments. Although Alzheimer's disease is the most common of the dementias, there are many types, even hundreds, of dementias вЂ" some reversible, and others, like Alzheimer's disease вЂ" irreversible. What is Dementia? Dementia is the loss of intellectual and social abilities severe enough to interfere with daily functioning. For centuries, people called it senility and considered it an inevitable part of aging. It is now known that dementia is not a normal part of the aging process and that it is caused by some underlying condition. Symptoms of dementia vary in severity, order of appearance and with the type of dementia. But all dementias involve some impairment of memory, thinking, reasoning and language. Personality changes and abnormal behavior may also occur as dementia progresses. Of the diseases that produce dementia, Alzheimer's is the most common. The disease was named after Alois Alzheimer, a German physician. In 1906, Dr. Alzheimer noticed changes in the brain tissue of a woman who had died of an unusual mental illness. He found abnormal clumps (plaques) and tangled bundles of fibers (tangles). Other changes in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease include a loss of nerve cells in the areas of the brain vital to memory and other mental functions, and lowered levels of chemicals in the brain that carry complex messages back and forth between billions of nerve cells important to thinking and memory. The first sign of Alzheimer's disease may be mild forgetfulness. The disease progresses to affect language, reasoning, understanding, reading or writing. Eventually, people with Alzheimer's disease may become anxious or aggressive, and may even wander from home. The problem of Alzheimer’s disease is considered a growing problem in the United States. As our population gets older our need for elderly services increases dramatically. This means that healthcare costs are on the rise and we need more care facilities for our aging elderly. As we all know in this election year prescription drug prices are a hot topic. Prescriptions for the elderly are getting so expensive that they cannot afford them anymore, therefore relying on some other source to help buy the prescriptions. The toll is not only financial, but proves to cause emotional turmoil for the families dealing with an aging relative. Some of the goals and values of society that are affected by this problem are: the rising costs of healthcare, prescription drug prices, and the toll on the individual and their family. This presents a problem for those who cannot afford it and therefore rely on society for help. It is also hard for a family to put a loved one in an institution. Alzheimer’s disease is non-discriminatory. It can affect any race or nationality. It does not matter if you are rich or poor, male or female. It can happen to anyone, there are some younger cases of the disease but it remains most common in the elderly population. Alzheimer's disease affects brain tissue directly, causing progressive brain deterioration in middle or late life. So far, only age and heredity are proven risk factors. But like cancer and cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's probably results from a combination of factors. Researchers are studying: Age: Alzheimer's usually affects people older than age 65, but can, rarely, affect those younger than age 40. The average age at diagnosis is about 80. Only one to two people in 100 have Alzheimer's at age 65, but that risk increases to about one in five by age 80. By age 90, half of all people this age have some symptoms. The incidence of Alzheimer's is about the same for all races, but women are more likely than men to develop the disease, in part because they live longer. Heredity: Family history plays a role in about 40 percent of people with early onset Alzheimer's. If your parents or a sibling developed Alzheimer's, you're more likely to as well. But, even in families with several people who've had Alzheimer's, most members don't get it. It's clear that most Alzheimer's involves some disease process in addition to a genetic vulnerability. Environment: Researchers are studying environmental factors to discover both possible causes and preventions of Alzheimer's. For example, some people with Alzheimer's have small deposits of aluminum in their brains. But scientists who've studied environmental aluminum sources from antacids and antiperspirants to cooking pots and drinking water haven't found a link between aluminum and Alzheimer's. On the other hand, some studies hint at a possible protective effect from estrogen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), vitamin E and other factors, some studies even show that a lower calorie diet help reduce the chances of getting the disease. But more research is needed to confirm any benefit. The service that is identified in this paper is the long-term care facilities which care for alzheimer’s patients. The purpose of long-term care facilities is to help with the daily living of patients while assisting and caring for them. When caregivers are faced with alzheimer’s patients they need to keep in mind that the brain changes and can cause communication problems that can result in irrational behavior. The patient is not doing this to be annoying or to irritate, but is probably not aware of his or her actions. There are many ways that a person can receive help for their illness. One way is through seeing a health practioner and to be referred to a facility for an evaluation. If the there are symptoms that