The Refinement Of A Hero In "Beowulf"

Beowulf is both a great warrior and king. These two aspects of the hero do not just come to Beowulf; Beowulf earns them himself. The development of the character into perfection is seen throughout the poem. Beowulf begins as a young warrior and develops into a heroic king who dies for his people. Through three major battles, Beowulf develops into the heroic king that fights to the end for his people. In the poem, "Beowulf," the development of the character Beowulf from a youthful warrior into an isolated hero then finally a heroic king is marked by the three major battles fought by the warrior.

Beowulf's first fight with Grendel proves that Beowulf is prepared to endure hardships in order to help society. As a warrior, Beowulf must be prepared to fight. As J.R.R. Tolkien suggests in his essay, "Beowulf: The Monster and the Critics," that "In the struggle with Grendel one can as a reader dismiss the certainty of literary experience that the hero will not in fact perish..." Beowulf says, "Fate will often spare a man not yet destined for death, when his courage is good" (500). This line reassures the reader that the outcome of the fight will most likely be a happy one. Beowulf is also reassured by one of his men that if he wins the fight he will have everything he has ever desired. In the battle between Grendel and Beowulf, Grendel sneaks up on Beowulf while he is asleep. Beowulf is awakened and he grabs Grendel to drive him away from him. Grendel realizes that the grasp is stronger than his is and he wishes to get away, but it is too late. Beowulf not only kills Grendel, he rips off his hand, arm, and shoulder. Although Beowulf succeeds in killing Grendel he is not yet a true hero. As Jacqueline Vaught explains in her criticism entitled "Beowulf: The Fight at the Center" the hero must be free of society's hand:

...although he attempts to fight Grendel alone and without arms, Beowulf does not fulfill his quest as the hero-precisely because he is still within society, literally inside the walls of Heorot and the circle of his men. As the poem makes clear, no hand, however powerful, that is still connected to the hands of society is free to wield the blow that would conquer the forces threatening that society.

Beowulf is prepared to fight for his people, but in order for him to become a hero to his people he must first become an isolated hero. Because Beowulf must leave society, he must go to another county and endure another encounter with a monster.

As Beowulf begins to become a great hero for his people, he begins to become a hero cut off from society. In order for Beowulf to become the hero he must become alienated from society, so that in the end he can be the hero of his people. In the next battle between Beowulf and Grendel's surviving mother, Grendel's mother seeks revenge on Beowulf for the death of her son. Grendel's mother first travels to the land of Beowulf, but he is not there. She instead kills one of Beowulf's most beloved, Eschere. At last Beowulf must travel to the secret land of the unknown killer. His people warn him that the place is dangerous and haunted, but he must go. Beowulf explains to his people that he would rather get back at the person who killed his friend rather than mourn:

Do not be sorrowful, wise man! It is better for anyone that he should avenge his friend, rather than mourn greatly. Each of us must await the end of life in this world; let him who can, achieve glory before death; afterwards, when lifeless, that will be best for a noble man (513).

This statement from Beowulf exemplifies his courageousness. He would rather die doing something for the good of society rather than be a coward. He knows he must take on the unknown stranger for his people or else more of them will suffer. In this battle he must suffer a much more dramatic fight than the one seen in the previous battle with Grendel. Friederich Klaeber in the essay entitled, "An introduction to Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburg," explains the difference between the first and second battles:

The fight against Grendel is rather monotonous and seems altogether too

short and easy to give much opportunity for excitement-in spite of the horrors of the darkness in which the scene is enacted. The second contest is vastly more interesting by reason of its elaborate, romantic scenery, the variety and definiteness of incidents, the dramatic quality of the battle. The hero is fully armed, uses weapons in addition to his "hand-grip," and yet is so hard pressed that only a kind of miracle saves him.

The outcome of this battle is unknown until the very end when Beowulf takes the sword of his opponent and kills her with it. His own men sit and wait with little doubt that they will ever see him again. Beowulf returns with the head of Grendel as a reward for his men. Beowulf is no longer a member of his society; he is a hero. When he returns the Danish king praises him. Beowulf left his land to sacrifice himself for the well being of others. In an excerpt from "The Art of Beowulf," Arthur Gilchrist Brodeur explains that, "Each of Beowulf's monster-killings is undertaken to deliver a people sorely afflicted; and in each case the people involved, though saved from present affliction, is nevertheless doomed to suffer ultimate catastrophe." Beowulf is a hero to his people, but he cannot escape the inevitable events that will occur to him and his people.

The final battle of "Beowulf" is a battle that decides the fate of the now heroic king. After fifty years had passed, Beowulf must go forth in a battle with a dragon that a stranger has angered. The dragon had been tricked by a thief while sleeping and became enraged. "Then the visitant began to spew forth coals of fire, to burn the bright houses; the light of burning arose, bringing terror upon men. The loathsome creature flying in the air wished to leave nothing there alive" (527). Beowulf then learns that the dragon has burnt down his own home, the finest of buildings. The king, not afraid to fight the dragon because of his previous victories, prepares to face the dragon. Beowulf is now fifty years older and although he will fight the dragon for his people, he knows his fate. "His spirit was mournful, restless and ready for death-the fate very close which should