The Wars- Effects On Humans

CHEUNG 1

War has been a constant part of human history. It has greatly affected the lives of people around the world. These effects, however, are extremely detrimental. Soldiers must shoulder extreme stress on the battlefield. Those that cannot mentally overcome these challenges may develop Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Sadly, some resort to suicide to escape their insecurities. Soldiers, however, are not the only ones affected by wars; family members also experience mental hardships when their loved ones are sent to war. Timothy Findley accurately portrays the detrimental effects wars have on individuals in his masterpiece The Wars.

Findley suggests that war can alter a person's behaviour negatively. Robert Ross, the protagonist of his novel The Wars, portrays symptoms of what is known today as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Findley writes:

His temper, you know, was terrible. Once when he thought he was alone and unobserved I saw him firing his gun in the woods at a young tree... Other times he would throw things down and break them on the ground... he had a great deal of violence inside and sometimes it emerged this way with a gesture and other times it showed in his expression when you found him sitting alone on the terrace or staring out a window.

(Findley 152-153)

War is having a growing effect on Robert; his exposure to violence is leaving him in an increasingly fragile state. His behaviour can be interpreted as being increasingly violent and can show his decreasing mental health. Robert's declining mental health may be due to lack of sleep. He said, "Sleep was dangerous...No matter what your mind said, your

CHEUNG 2

body didn't listen. Part of you always stayed awake.... Nobody dreams on a battle field. There isn't any sleep that long." (Findley 93) Robert said this while in a dugout near the trenches. During the night they can hear the "sound of distant rifle fire." (Findley 92) They are constantly subjected to the sound of war as well as its dangers. In fact, when the dugout was partially destroyed by artillery fire, Levitt becomes slightly mad. Robert observes in Levitt "an edge of craziness in his voice that sounded dangerous." (Findley 113) These young men changed as they experienced more of the war. Findley demonstrates how war greatly changes human behaviour.

Findley accurately portrays the effects of war on human behaviour. Today, soldiers can be diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after exhibiting behaviour that is similar to the characters mentioned in the previous paragraph. According to the National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, "People who suffer from PTSD often relive the experience through nightmares and flashbacks, have difficulty sleeping, and feel detached or estranged, and these symptoms can be severe enough and last long enough to significantly impair the person's daily life." It can be developed when a person is exposed to "a traumatic, stressful event". In fact, "Military personnel in war zones frequently have serious reactions to their traumatic war experiences." Some reactions include "anxiety and panic", "irritability and anger", and "emotional numbing." Furthermore, disorders such as "alcohol abuse", "major depressive episodes", "drug abuse", and "social phobias" can be developed. PTSD is a huge problem because approximately "30 percent of the men and women who have spent time in war zones experience PTSD." War brings many harmful changes to human behaviour that can

CHEUNG 3

lead to dangerous acts that affect one's physical and mental health. (National Center for PTSD)

Findley suggests that some soldiers may be driven to suicide by their experiences in war. One such character is Rodwell. Rodwell is extremely fond for animals and keeps them in his company even on the battlefield. He was eventually sent to the front lines and was forced to watch the killing of a cat by his fellow soldiers. Findley wrote, "Half and hour later, Rodwell wandered into No Man's Land and put a bullet through his ears." (Findley 135) Rodwell was traumatized by the behaviour of his fellow soldiers and could not overcome it mentally. Another example is Captain Taffler. He lost both his arms in the war and was brought to England for treatment. He tried to commit suicide by "rubbing his wounds to make the bleed. The stumps where his arms had been were raw and one of them was pumping blood in spurts across the floor." (Findley 152) Taffler tried to commit suicide so that he could escape from his painful existence. Findley is suggesting that the war drove these men into corners from which they could not escape. Eventually, they decided suicide is their only option left. They could no longer cope with their environment or with themselves.

Findley's depiction of suicide is accurate with the real world. Today, suicide among soldiers is a growing problem. According to Lisa Chedekel and Matthew Kauffman of the Hartford Courant, there is "an increase in the suicide rate among troops serving in Iraq, which reached an all-time high in 2005 when 22 soldiers killed themselves - accounting for nearly one in five of all Army non-combat deaths." Some of the reasons associated with suicide are that some "unstable troops are kept on the front

CHEUNG 4

lines while on potent antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs, with little or no counseling or medical monitoring." In fact, "service members who committed suicide were experiencing serious psychological problems during deployment."(The Hartford Courant) According to The New Zealand Herald, Douglas Barber, an Iraq veteran, told the Coalition for Free Thought in Media in an interview that, " 'Everybody in Iraq was going through suicide counselling because the stress was so high. It was at such a magnitude, such a high level, that it was unthinkable for anyone to imagine.' " Douglas is "one of numerous instances of Iraqi veterans who have taken their own lives since the US-led invasion to topple Saddam Hussein in 2003." He returned home but started to "fall apart". Eventually he could no longer deal with his stress and committed suicide at his home in Alabama. (Buncombe) Like Rodwell, these soldiers suffered extreme mental stress and developed psychological problems that ultimately led to suicide.

Findley also depicts