Artifical Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence

Jeronica Briggs

Independent Study

Dr. V

08/11/17

Contents

Introduction        4

Branches or artificial intelligence        5

Logical Artificial intelligence        5

Search        5

Pattern recognition        6

Representation        6

Epistemology        6

Ontology        7

Common sense knowledge and reasoning        7

Application of artificial intelligence        7

Healthcare        7

Business        8

Education        9

Finance        9

Law        9

Manufacturing        10

Timeline History of artificial intelligence        10

Challenges businesses face when adopting artificial intelligence        14

Costs        14

Inflexible business models        15

Lack of artificial intelligence talent        15

Lack of return on investment        15

Data issues        16

Ethical issues of adopting artificial intelligence        17

Unemployment        17

Inequality        18

Humanity        19

Artificial stupidity        20

Racist robots        20

Security        20

Benefits of Artificial intelligence to organizations        21

Virtual assistance        22

Insights and reports from data        22

Automation of manual processes        22

Effects of artificial intelligence to the human society        23

Conflicts between human and machines        24

Unemployment        24

Companionship        25

Conclusion        25

References        27

Artificial intelligence

Introduction

Artificial intelligence is defined as “the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs”. Artificial intelligence is therefore creating a computer, a robot, or computer software to have intelligence similar to that of human beings. Artificial intelligence is used in almost all sectors in our daily life from automatic cars, media, finance, gaming industries, in the research fields as robotics, quantum science and medical diagnosis (Barrat, 2015). Application of artificial intelligence has mainly been promoted by technological development. Since the invention of the computers, human beings have developed various machines with the aim of making the lives of human beings safer and easier than before.

Artificial intelligence is made to be similar to how human beings think, make decisions, and solve problems. Human beings have not yet been able to make life but the machines and software developed in the modern day have continuously become similar to human beings. The current development in the world is making self-driving vehicles which will revolutionize the transport industry. Artificial intelligence is believed to have begun as a result of human curiosity trying to make machines which can behave and think like a person. Therefore through artificial intelligence, human beings have made machines which are like a person. Artificial intelligence has been used in various sectors and has also helped businesses greatly.

Branches of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence is a big field which has various branches. However, all these subfields have a common theme of having artificial intelligence which makes them do tasks they are commanded to do. Artificial intelligence plays a major role in our daily lives. The following are some of the branches of artificial intelligence.

Logical Artificial Intelligence

These are programs know the world in general and the specific action that it is required to perform (Jones, 2015). These programs are commanded in mathematical logical language which enables them to decide what to do so as to achieve its goals. For example, games like Sudoku.

Search

This is a branch of artificial intelligence which examines a large number of possibilities and then selects the best option, for instance, Chess games (Barrat, 2015).

Pattern Recognition

This branch of Artificial intelligence is programmed to make observations and then compare with the pattern that it sees. This is commonly used in security systems. For instance, a vision program checks and tries to match the facial features to find a match.  Other complex examples include natural language text and other events which have complex patterns.

Representation

Representation is a branch of Artificial intelligence, in which facts about the world are represented in a certain way especially mathematical and logic languages (Jones, 2015). Examples include sematic nets, frames and rules.

Epistemology

Epistemology is referred to as the branch of studying knowledge. This study mainly involves trying to comprehend how machines and humans differentiate right from wrong. It easy for people to differentiate right from wrong, but for the machines it is hard because they are programmed. Epistemology is commonly known as a branch of philosophy but it has carved itself into engineering (Cohen, & Feigenbaum, 2014). Epistemology in Artificial intelligence is therefore a study to identify the knowledge that a machine requires in order to solve problems in the world.

Ontology

Ontology is a branch of Artificial intelligence which studies the things that exist. Therefore the Artificial intelligence programs in this branch deal with various types of objects and try to analyze their properties and how they can be used to make human life easier.

Common Sense Knowledge and Reasoning

This branch of Artificial intelligence means that machines give conclusion after considering certain amount of information. Human beings have the ability to make conclusions based on little amount of information but because it is usually based on background knowledge. However, making conclusions on limited information there is a high chance of making wrong conclusions. A person can be proven wrong if additional information provided contradicts the decision made (Jones, 2015).