Beowulf, Too Good To Be True

Beowulf, Too Good To Be True

Throughout the poem “Beowulf,” the narrator paints a picture of the perfect hero in the form of the protagonist, Beowulf. Many literary critics have come to the conclusion that “Beowulf” is a stereotypical story of good versus evil. Critics such as Herbert G. Wright present some of their claims that Beowulf is a hero who is greater than man and in someways, Christ-like, and others such as, Robert Stevick and Marie Padgett Hamilton portray the many Christian motifs and metaphors that are present in Beowulf. While all of this can be seen in the text through an analysis of the symbols, further analysis also shows that Beowulf is a flawed hero, but a hero never-the-less, and although Beowulf can be united to the divine he is still a mortal man who has become idealized by the continuous telling of the tale.

Critics say that Beowulf is the prime example of a perfect hero. Peter F. Fisher, author of “The Trials of the Epic Hero in Beowulf,” proclaims, “The importance of his illustrious ancestry is emphasized, making of him a figure of heroic stature and lineage; but more important is the account of his mysterious arrival and departure, suggesting a divine origin” (173). It is Fisher’s assessment that a hero is the product of ancestral heros and that the mystery behind Beowulf’s timely appearance in tragic events suggests divine intervention. Other characteristics of a perfect hero is that he typically does not fear death and is willing to do whatever he needs to in order to save his people and protect them. He is also strong, courageous, faithful, and loyal. In Beowulf’s case his heroic qualities are so extreme that it is questioned whether he is truly a man, a myth, or God. Not only does Beowulf possess hero-like strength, but according to Hrothgar, the King of the Danes, his strength is so superior to the normal man it is instead compared to the strength of thirty. When Beowulf first meets Hrothgar, Hrothgar tells this tale about,

[. . .] a crew of seamen who sailed for [him] once

with a gift-cargo across to Geatland

returned with marvellous tales about [Beowulf]:

a thane, they declared, with the strength of thirty

in the grip of each hand (ll. 377-381).

Beowulf was so strong that Hrothgar had heard tales about his strength and how he can defeat anything. Not only did Beowulf possess superhuman strength but some of his other inhuman or mythical powers is the ability to hold his breath for an inordinate amount of time under water. Beowulf tells the story of the time he had to do this while defeating the sea monster, Breca. Beowulf retells the experience as he boasts,

But Breca could never

move out farther or faster from me

than I could manage to move from him.

Shoulder to shoulder, we struggled on

for five nights, until the long flow

and pitch of the waves, the perishing cold,

night falling and winds from the north

drove us apart (ll. 541-548).

Beowulf was able to swim for five days straight in heavy armor and carrying a shield and sword. He showed he was capable of overcoming superhuman obstacles. This seems impossible for a normal human being, but Beowulf possessed super human powers which enabled him to do this. Certainly, someone with all of this power seems invincible, but in the end we find out that he is just as human as we are because he is not invincible or immortal.

A hero must also possess the trait of courage, which is the ability to face difficulty, danger, pain and even death to protect his honor and presume his loyalty. The perfect hero must be able to endure these struggles or they would be useless. If a hero was not courageous then they would be easily defeated and looked down upon by the common man. Beowulf proves that he is courageous many times by fighting dangerous enemies to protect his people. This is evident in the scene between Grendel and Beowulf, in their first meeting. Beowulf hears how Grendel kills thirty men at a time and Grendel keeps returning month after month to the mead halls to kill thirty more. In spite of unrealistic odds Beowulf battles with Grendel and kills him with his bare hands. As Beowulf and his crew battle Grendel, they soon find out their weapons have no effect. The narrator of the poem describes,

The monster’s whole

body was in pain, a tremendous wound

appeared on his shoulder. Sinews split

and the bone-lappings burst ( ll. 814-817).

At this point Beowulf rips Grendels arm off with his own hands. Most people, instead, would retreat when they come upon the realization that weapons are useless. Beowulf instead had the courage to use his bare hands to defeat Grendel. Is this courage or is this arrogance and over confidence? One can say that this display of heroism is pure courage because Beowulf had the guts to go after Grendel without any weapons. On the other hand, it can be determined that this is arrogance and over confidence because Beowulf claims before the battle,

No weapons, therefore,

for either this night: unarmed he shall face me

if face me he dares. And may the Divine Lord

in His wisdom grant the glory of victory

to whichever side He sees fit ( ll. 683-687).

God is present in Beowulf’s fight against evil. Beowulf knows that he will end up victorious because God is on his side. He acts as if defeating Grendel will be an easy task to accomplish. Beowulf’s arrogance is a quality which is similar to the common man, and which also humanizes him.

Beowulf understands that fate will work its magic no matter what, and he could be killed at any point in his life. He faces that reality by showing no fear and preparing for a positive or a fatal outcome. Beowulf is not afraid to die. He explains his death wishes before he goes into battle and requests to have any assets delivered to his people. He is more enamored with