Dna Forensics Fingerprinting

Within the field of forensics processing and analysis, there are a number of solutions that are used undertaken to ensure efficient and conclusive results, one of these solutions and a process used more than any other is Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, commonly abbreviated, RFLP. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism is the process in which observations are made with a discerning search for variations in the length of restriction fragments produced by a given restriction enzyme in a DNA sample. Such variations are used in forensic investigations to eliminate suspects as well as identify similarities between tissue samples of victims and perpetrators, for example. Further to this, applications include the ability for this process to map hereditary disease so as to remove them or treat, where applicable, in advance. This method focuses on the central points of the repeated sequences of DNA bases which are unique and individual specific therefore the results of which yield extremely accurate reflections of evidence. Within the process of RFLP, there are three stages, within the first stage the central varying points are sourced and secluded into individual or pair segments. Within the second stage, these segments are then moved apart by means a technique called Electrophoresis, in which the charged particles move in a fluid or gel under the influence of an electric field revealing the length of each segment for accurate readings and measurement as well as providing maximum accuracy of the data collected with regards to the sample/s.  In the third stage, and once these segments have been measured, they are consequently arranged so as to ensure maximum visual coherence by means of a procedure known as Autoradiography. Within this final process, x-ray images of the results are generated for evidential and comparative purposes and often presented using overlapping results of several other processed samples so a clear differentiation can be seen and conclusion/s made.

Another form of testing within the DNA Forensics Field is Short Tandem Repeat (STR) tests. A STR process that evaluates specific STR regions found on nuclear DNA and essentially involves an analysis test in which a microsatellite, consisting of a unit of two to thirteen nucleotides, is used on a progressive DNA sample. In these tests, a microsatellite, consisting of a unit of two to thirteen nucleotides is repeated hundreds of times in a row on a given DNA sample. The reasoning behind the use of STR analysis is due to its efficient and accurate measurements of repeating units. This is achieved by means of analysis of DNA regions that have a short repeat unit, commonly between two (2) to six (6) bp in length. These STRs are discovered surrounding the chromosomal centromere - the structural centre of the chromosomes. This analysis is effective to such a great degree as DNA segments are studied and the numbers of repeats are counted at a number of different DNA sites. Once this initial analysis is complete, the repeats that are counted in the STR markers are noted and are often individual specific; it is for this reason that this analysis method is as effective and accurate in the prosecution and identification field/s.