Dogs

***Sorry this is not a real paper, I just copy and pasted anything because they require it for the site*****

The second of the three stages is organization. The text addresses four issues relative to its discussion of the concept of organization as part of the process of perception. Those issues are extremely important in informing what we understand about how we respond to the stimuli that we select to perceive.

Throughout pages 42-44, the text explains the notions of prototypes, personal constructs, stereotypes, and scripts. Each of these terms refers to a schemata, or what the text calls cognitive structure, and which might be more easily understood as schemes or rituals for finding ways to assign meaning to the stimuli, to help make sense of the stimuli.

An alternative way of describing the stage called organization is to think of it in terms of grouping the stimuli into units or a whole or any combination thereof to help the perceiver assign meaning to the stimuli, regardless of whether the stimuli are internal or external. Considering this approach, we have an alternative vocabulary, too, which includes such terms as figure, ground, closure, proximity, and similarity.

Figure and Ground

Closure

Proximity

Similarity

Figure refers to the focal point of what a person perceives, the main thing that she or he pays attention to when selecting the stimulus and which helps provide the organizing principle for understanding. The notion of ground is whatever is in the background behind that figure, against which the person's attention is focused. An example of the influence