English

Shooting an Elephant, first published in 1950, is one of George Orwell's most famous autobiographical essays where he emphatically criticizes imperialism by bringing forth an incident of killing an elephant. Orwell is also one of the few writers who have examined imperialism strictly from the ethical point of view.

At the time to which Shooting an Elephant relates, Orwell was a sub-divisional police officer in the town of Moulmein in lower Burma which was under British Raj for saccula sacculorum according to the writer. The narrative beings with a description of the hatred he felt equally for the anti-British natives who made his life miserable and the empire he served. The essay revolves around an insignificant incident that happened one day but which rose to its height of importance when it gave Orwell a better glimpse of the real nature of imperialism. An elephant gone 'must' was on loose and was rampaging the locality spreading terror among people and finally killed a coolie. The writer was called to tackle the situation since he was a Sahib and was authorized to use guns. The crowd of more than two thousand Burmese people marching at his heels left him with no alternative than to shoot the elephant which actually recovered from the attack of 'must' and was calm by that time.

It is, in fact, the very answer to the question why Orwell decided to kill the innocent animal that undercuts the theme of the essay and focuses on the evil impact of imperialism. There are a number of reasons that can validate Orwell's killing of the elephant but none is more concrete than the one given by the writer in the essay. That is the force of the will of the Burmese people who held him in the high stature of a dutiful Sahib and expected him to shoot the elephant. On the surface, this may suggest to think that the writer is solely blaming the natives for his own action but on a closer inspection we can see the evil impact of imperialism.

In the essay the writer has sometimes attacked imperialism explicitly and sometimes ironically in a subtle tone. Some of the lines from the essay may give us the idea of imperialism as perceived by the writer. The lines like "For at that time I had already made up my mind that imperialism was an evil thing and the sooner I chucked up my job and got out of it the better." and "All I knew was that I was stuck between my hatred of the empire I served and my rage against the evil-spirited little beasts who tried to make my job impossible." directly attack the doctrine of imperialism. Though the writer himself was a British and a part of the British Empire, he had a strong stand against British rule which he called 'an unbreakable tyranny'. For the kind of job that he had, he got to see the dirty work of Empire 'at close quarters' and all these oppressed him 'with an intolerable sense of guilt'. Outwardly, Orwell acted the Sahib, shouldering the white man's burden efficiently but inwardly he disapproved his job. He was obviously embarrassed and unhappy and depressed by the absence of freedom.

As the writer had a negative view of imperialism, it was never easy for him to act as a Sahib and come to the decision of killing the elephant. The writer never intended to kill the elephant and he sent for the elephant rifle just to ensure his safety from the wild beast. But as he approached the critical moment, he realized that there was no way to turn back. The expectation of the natives who were following him was mounting up as he gradually grew himself to fit the mask of a Sahib. He was undoubtedly a Sahib to the natives: a Sahib who was larger than life and would never give in. The natives held him at such a stature where he was as sacred as a god. The natives expected him to kill the elephant as it was the only logical thing that can be expected from a Sahib. So ultimately the responsibility of living up to the stature of a Sahib was bestowed upon the writer by the natives and that propelled him to kill the elephant.

It is then that the writer realizes 'the futility of the white man's dominion in the East'.