Examine the Fundamental Principles of Computers. What Do You Mean by Ezone?

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Ques 1: Examine the fundamental principles of computers. What do you mean by Ezone?

Ans 1: The fundamental principle of computers is that it receives INPUT, processes using its computing power and producers OUTPUT, which may be desired or undesired, depending upon the INPUT and Computing. The performance of the computer is dependent on its processing power i.e. computing power. For example: If we enter URL in an internet browser and click on submit, the computer processes it and displays the desired web page.

E-zone (electronic zone) refers to anything that is electronic. Whether it s e-waste, e-mail, e-commerce etc. Traditional applications, when adopts the electronic structure puts ‘e-‘ in front of them for better understanding in public domain that the specific application is electronic or use ICT technologies.

Ques.2 Analyse the different classification of computer networks. Differentiate

between intranet and extranet.

Ans 2. The bridge which enables any type of communication between two computers is called computer networks. The different classification of computer networks are :

1. Local Area Network (LAN) : Covers small geographic areas such as buildings, hospitals, officers, home etc.
2. Personal Area Network (PAN) : Covers one person only. Wifi-hotspots, Home Wireless network, Wifi-enabled printers are some of the examples.
3. Campus Area Network (CAN): Covers more geographical area as compares to LAN. Some of the examples are: college campus, SEZ zones etc.
4. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): Covers town, city or metropolitan areas
5. Wide Area Network (WAN) : Covers broad areas such as cities, states, countries etc.

The difference between intranet and extranet could be explained by the parameter “Access”. In intranet, the network access is limited to the certain zone such as building, within organizations etc. Whereas, in extranet, the limited access is provided externally to other networks.

Ques.3 Examine the basic working of Internet Protocol Suite (ISP).

Ans. 3: The internet protocol suite (IPS) is also referred as TCP/IP protocol suite. It is one of the widely used protocol in computer networks in India. It has a set of 5 layers :

1. Application layer
2. Transport layer
3. Network layer
4. Link Layer
5. Physical layer

The upper layers (Application and Transport layer) are closed to user. It means the layer which is visible to the user. Application level interface is a part of application layer

The lower layers (Network, Link and Physical layer) typically do the backend tasks such as translating data, abstracting information, creating connection etc.

Ques.4 Discuss in brief the scope of cyberlaw in e-commerce and e-taxation with

special reference to India.

Ans. 4:

Cyberlaw in e-commerce

Due to the emerging e-commerce industry and the millions of e-commerce transaction between the e-commerce portal and consumer, there is a critical need for regulation. Cyber-law plays a critical role in protecting consumers. With the entire nation is moving towards Digital India, cyber law needs to be updated time to time.

As per the definition by Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion (DIPP), e-commerce is : “buying and selling of goods and services including digital products over digital & electronic network”. Cyber law plays a key role in protecting consumer’s privacy, protecting them from malpractices, ensuring proper execution of business etc. Companies Act 2013 and its amendments address the e-commerce existence under the law.

Cyberlaw in e-taxation

The GST implementation in India is inclined towards Digital India where the GST returns needs to preferable submitted through e-solutions. There are many vendors in the market such as Taxsutra, HP, Tally etc. which offer affordable online GST solutions. As stated in the case of e-commerce, e-taxation requires regulations for consumer protection and its interests. The Finance Act, 2016 had recognized e-taxation.