Happy Life

Gaius Julius Caesar [1] (Latin pronunciation [ˈgaːius ˈjuːlius ˈkaɪsar]; English pronunciation [ˈgaɪəs ˈdʒuːliəs ˈsiːzəɹ]; July 12 or July 13, 100 BC or 102 BC Ð'- March 15, 44 BC), was a Roman military and political leader and one of the most influential men of classical antiquity. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.

Partisan of the populares faction, he formed an unofficial triumvirate with Marcus Licinius Crassus and Pompey the Great which dominated Roman politics for several years, but was fiercely opposed by optimates like Cato the Younger. His conquest of Gaul extended the Roman world all the way to the Atlantic Ocean, and he also conducted the first Roman invasion of Britain in 55 BC; the collapse of the triumvirate, however, led to a stand-off with Pompey and the Senate.

Leading his legions across the Rubicon, Caesar began a civil war in 49 BC from which he became the undisputed master of the Roman world. After assuming control of government, he began extensive reforms of Roman society and government. He was proclaimed dictator for life, and he heavily centralised the bureaucracy of the Republic. These events provoked a hitherto friend of Caesar, Marcus Junius Brutus, and a group of other senators, to assassinate the dictator on the Ides of March (March 15) in 44 BC. The assassins hoped to restore the normal running of the Republic, but they provoked another Roman civil war, which led eventually to the establishment of the autocratic Roman Empire by Caesar's adopted heir, Augustus. In 42 BC, two years after his assassination, the Roman Senate officially sanctified him as one of the Roman deities.

Much of Caesar's life is known from his own Commentaries (Commentarii) on his military campaigns,