Individual Assignment Statistic & Decision Analysis

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Campus Name: INTI International University (Laureate International Universities)

Programme Code: MBA-LS

Session: January 2019

Subject Code & Name: MGT 6208E – Statistics & Decision Analysis

Assignment Title: Individual Assignment Statistic & Decision Analysis

Student’s Name & ID: Lisa Tan Sher Ring I18015850

Lecturer: Dr Revathi Sagadavan

TABLE OF CONTENT

Page

1. Executive Summary ………………………………………....……......………....…….….….….….….….….….…………………………….3
2. Introduction……………………………....…………………………………....……………………….….….….….….….….……………....……4

1. Business Problems discussion…………....……………………….….….….….….….……………………………………………4
2. Statistical Problems Discussion....……………………….….….….….….….…………………………………………………….5

1. Part one

1. Visually present data and descriptive statistics for the prices of Basic Staple basket at different supermarkets. ……...….……………………………………………………………………………………………………...…….….….6
2. Visually present data and descriptive statistics for the prices of Basic Staple basket across three States (Selangor, Penang and Pahang) among the supermarkets. ………………...….……….….….……….….8
3. Visually present data and descriptive statistics for the prices of Basic Staple basket at different locations (Metropolitan & Other Places) among the supermarkets. ……………….….….….….…….…….….10
4. Visually present data for the prices of Basic Staple basket of Giant stores in three states.

Descriptive statistics for the prices of Basic Staple basket of Tesco stores in three states. ...………….11

1. Part Two

1. Significant difference of average prices at different locations (Metropolitans and Other Places) ....13
2. Significant difference of average prices of Giant stores in different locations (Metropolitans and Other Places).………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….….14
3. Significant difference of average prices between Penang & Selangor …………………………………………….15
4. Significant difference of the average prices for the Basic Staple basket at different supermarkets…16
5. Significant difference of average prices across three States ……………………………………….………………….17

5.0 Conclusion & Implications…………………………………………………………………….……………………....….……………………….……18

1.0        Executive summary

This business report uses statistical analysis of the data given to show whether the claims laid down are to be accepted or rejected according to the results from the various analysis undertaken. The differences in price of basic items in grocery section among three states in Malaysia is well studied in this report. The three states that mentioned are Selangor, Penang and Pahang. The average prices of the basic staple baskets calculated across the various supermarkets in Malaysia as there have been different claims that they are all equal across the supermarkets, across the states and across the locations. The four hypermarkets that mentioned in this report are Giant, Tesco, Aeon and Mydin. Those data that collected also differentiated into two locations, which include metropolitan’s area and other places.

A visually present data by using the scatter diagrams and descriptive statistics are used to discuss those distributions has been used mainly in part one session. Besides that, mean, median, standard deviation and shape of distribution of the sample data have been presented in a table form for better understanding. In part two, a F-test is used to determine whether the samples are equal or unequaled variances. In the same time, a Two-sample T-test is used to find out the significant difference of average prices between two samples. For sampling more than two groups, a One-Way ANOVA is used to determine the significant difference of average prices.

This analysis will allow a better understanding of those prices being made by the supermarkets and to understand if there are any price discrimination for their products depending on the location of the supermarkets. By understanding them, it will allow KPDNKK to have a better understanding for a bigger study that needed for a nationwide studies and issues related to pricing of basic items. KPDNKK need to remain affordable in pricing and very small difference in prices as basic items are the necessity of the people.

The main findings highlight the fact that average prices for Mydin are lower than all the other supermarkets and across states. In the analysis report, it also shows that the average prices are almost the same between 77.01 and 78.08 among three states. It also indicates that there is very little significant difference in prices among them.

2.0        Introduction

Nowadays, competition in retail grocery industry has been a big issue concerned by Ministry of Domestic Trade, Cooperative and Consumerism (KPDNKK). Competition not only happened in industry level, it also happened on a localized level. Prices is a critical factor that will affect customers' choices. As a result, this studied report is trying to find out the relationship between the price variance among states and among location of different hypermarkets.

2.1        Business Problems discussion

We are given the data for the prices at various supermarkets of the basic staple basket and the first problem at hand is to visually represent the same and discuss the various conclusions that can be derived from the data. For this purpose, we have used scatter diagrams to represent each of the prices at different supermarket (Refer to Analysis 3.1) and also have compared the four prices in the same scatter plot. Descriptive statistics of the same data is calculated to find the location, shape and variability of these price distributions.