Management Information System

INTRODUCTION:

Management Information Systems (MIS) is a field of science that studies on (1) how better we can manage technologies (2) how better we can design information systems, in order to enhance a firm's effectiveness, efficiency and profitability.

MANAGEMENT:

Managing resources that include people, machinery (technology and computers), money and time etc. You have to consider three managerial factors together in MIS: effectiveness, efficiency and profitability.

Effectiveness - how well a firm is pursuing a goal or objective of its business; for instance, providing quality product/service can be a business goal that is usually stated in a firm's mission statement; Management by objective (MBO), etc.

Efficiency - best use of resources, a synonym is productivity = output divided by input. Productivity is measured in general by a ratio of OUTPUT to INPUT. Here, output indicates revenue, market share, etc., while input indicates labor, raw materials, administrative costs, operations costs, and IT related costs.

Profitability - The empirical studies in the IS literature have reported that on the contrary to the management's belief, there exists no significant difference in the profitability between before and after the new IS implementation. In other words, the new IS does not make significant profitability increase whatsoever. In general, the bottom line in any business is the profitability. If it does not enhance the profitability, then what is a point to go through all the trouble to develop/implement a new IS? Using IT is not the perfect solution for every business situation. Whenever a new IT or information systems (IS) are implemented, additional costs incur. They can be costs related to hardware, software, training, maintenance, etc. Therefore, the cost-benefit analysis should be conducted prior to a new systems implementation.

INFORMATION:

* Relates to the computer; refers to knowledge.

* Data are a source for the information. If the data are processed in a meaningful way, they become "information." Here, IT can contribute. Information can be extracted easily through IT (e.g. computer) if data are properly processed.

Therefore, the second word in M.I.S. indicates IT or computer.

* Of course, information can be obtained by a primitive way such as manual sorting, etc. by a clerk. Using IT definitely outperform any other means in history, in terms of processing data.

SYSTEMS:

* If a nice system is made, it is self running which leads to reducing the people necessary to the business process.

* Systems Theory, Systems approach

* Systematically doing business

* Systems come from systems theory that stresses the importance of systems approach to problem-solving and a structured way to control and adjust automatically. Computer programmers and software engineers/developers realized it was only way to reduce a possibility of encountering errors later in the systems development process.

* When you construct a new/better system for the current business operations/decision-making process, you don't want to make a computer program based on the current business way. Instead, you develop a new model after serious analysis of the current system, so later can save resource in terms of time and money by avoiding a possible mistake/error. Therefore, business process reengineering (BPR) is unthinkable without a sound understanding of systems theory/concepts.

IMPORTANT OF INFORMATION SYSTEM:

What is the importance of information systems for both business and management? Please provide me with references so I can also read more and understand some of the subjects-

1.

 What is the importance of information systems for both business and management?

 Why is the impact of Information Technology positive on businesses?

 Why wireless technologies may change the dynamics of an organization?

 What is the role of knowledge management systems in the enterprise? What organizational processes are supported by knowledge management applications?

2.

 What are the advantages of using the Internet as the infrastructure for e-commerce and electronic business?

 How is the Internet changing the economics of information and business models?

 Name and describe the various categories of electronic commerce.

 Describe the role played by Web personalization.

3.

 Why is file management important for overall system performance?

 Describe two problems of the traditional file environment.

 What is a database management system (DBMS)? What are the components of a BMS?

 Describe the principal types of databases and the advantages and disadvantages of each.

 What is a distributed database, and what are the main ways of distributing data?

4.

 Why are the Internet and Wi-Fi networks difficult to secure?

 How do hackers create security problems and damage systems?

 Provide two examples of computer crime in which computers are a target and two examples in which computers are used as instruments of crime.

 Describe identity theft.

 What security problems are created by employees? Why is a security policy necessary?

5.

 What is business intelligence? What applications and technologies does it include?

 What is the difference between a data-driven DSS and a model-driven DSS? Give examples.

 What is a geographic information system (GIS)? How does it use data visualization technology? How can it support