Management

Henri Fayol identified 14 principles of management - universal truths that can be taught in schools:

Division of work

Authority

Discipline

Unity of command

Unity of direction

Subordination of individual interest

Remuneration

Centralization

Scalar chain

Order

Equity

Stability of tenure

Initiative

Esprit de corps

All managers perform 5 functions:

Plan

Organize

Command

Coordinate

Control

(Fayol 1916. Industrial & General Administration)

Max Weber described an ideal Bureaucracy as a theory of administration based on rational-legal authority systems:

Division of labour. Organizations need to appear rational and so gain legitimacy, in order to secure resources and support, and to inspire confidence and trust.

Authority hierarchy is an essential part of PR. May be through internal data analysis or external consultants.

Formal selection