Vocabulary

Psychology 200

1) Psychology - the scientific study of behavior and the mind.

2) Classical Conditioning - a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate one stimulus with another.

3) Behavior Modification - process of working to directly alter a patient's behavior pattern in order to minimize self-defeating treads and heighten positive trends and self satisfaction.

4) Intelligence - the capacity to learn from experience and adapt successfully to one's environment.

5) Abraham Maslow - American psychologist noted foe proposal of a hierarchy of human needs from basic to higher needs.

6) Explicit Memory - a type of memory elicited through the conscious retrieval of recollections in response to direct questions.

7) Recognition - a form of explicit memory retrieval in which items are presented to a person who must determine if they were previously encountered.

8) Implicit Memory - a non0conscious recollection of a prior experience that is revealed indirectly, by its effect on performance.

9) Recall - pulling up knowledge from your memory.

10) Short-term Memory - a memory storage system that holds about seven items for up to 20 seconds before the material is transferred to long-term or is forgotten.

11) Long-term Memory - a relatively permanent memory storage system that can hold vast amounts of information for many years.

12) Procedural Memory - long-term memory skills and procedures, how to knowledge.

13) Declarative Memory - stored long- term knowledge of facts about the world and ourselves.

14) Semantic Memory - everything on knows., not connected to any specific experience where it is acquired, part of a declarative memory.

15) Episodic Memory - memories of a single event, part of declarative memory.

16) Attribution Theory - a set of theories that describe how people are the cause of behavior.

17) Howard Gardner - cognitive and educational psychologist, noted for the theory of multiple intelligence and the seven dimensions of intelligence.

18) Psychodynamic Theory - much of our behavior stems from the "unconscious" which houses our basic instinctual needs (sex and aggression).

19) Eric H. Erikson - German psychoanalyst, who studied social psychology, and the interaction of psychology with history and politics.

20) Condition Response - a learned response to a classical conditioned response.

21) Unconditioned Stimulus - a stimulus that triggers an unconditional response.

22) Sleep Apnea - a disorder in which a person repeatedly stops breathing during sleep and wakes up gasping for air.

23) Narcolepsy - a sleep disorder characterized by irresistible and sudden attacks of REM sleep during the day.

24) Dissociative Disorder - a condition marked by a temporary disruption in one's memory, consciousness or self-identity.

25) Sigmund Freud - introduced psychoanalysis and stated that people are driven largely by unconscious forces.

26) Id - in psychoanalysis, a primitive an unconscious part of personality that contains basic drives and operates according to the pleasure principle.

27) Ego - in psychoanalysis, the part of personality that consists of one's moral ideas and conscience.

28) Superego - The part of the personality that consists of one's moral ideas and conscience.

29) Repression - a defense mechanism in which personally threatening thoughts, memories and impulses are banned from awareness.

30) Placebo - an inactive treatment that results simply from the patient's belief in its therapeutic value.

31) Case Study - a type of research that involves making in-depth observations of individual persons.

32) Correlation Studies - investigates whether a hypothetical relationship actually exist.

33) Descriptive Studies - a study that tries to reveal patterns associated with a specific emphasis on a pre specified hypotheses.

34) Ethics - motivation based upon ideas of right and wrong.

35) Operant Conditioning - the process by which organisms learn to behave in ways that produce reinforcement.