What Are the Main Issues Which Effect Civil Aviation Safety?

Research Project 2016           OUTCOME                SACE:

Civil Aviation Safety of America

What are the main issues which effect Civil Aviation Safety?

The outcome includes the two aspect of the civil aviation safety in America. The first aspect is ‘what are the main issues that effect civil aviation safety in America.’ This aspect is can be subdivided into 1 points -how many accidents in America (from 1970-2015). The second aspect is ‘What is the effect by the aircraft accidents?’ The second aspect is ‘ What is the effect by the accidents in America?’. And this aspect is can be subdivided into three points. Aviation Manufacture of America, Airlines and Tourist trade.

First how many accidents in America (from 1970-2015)? By the online research from 1970-2015 had 643 aircraft accidents in America. Also the highest in 1971 has 31 aircraft accidents in America.(1) Hijack, mechanical failure, risks of pilots and weather is the main reasons of these accidents. Also from online research 1950-2000 the pilots error has 53; Pilots Error (weather related) has 32; Pilots Error (mechanical related has 16; other Human Error has 6; Weather has 12; Mechanical Failure has 20 and sabotage has 8.

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Figure (1)

The table above was compiled from the PlaneCrashInfo.com accident database and represents 1,015 fatal accidents involving commercial aircraft, worldwide, from 1950 thru 2010 for which a specific cause was known. Aircraft with 18 or less passengers aboard, military aircraft, private aircraft and helicopters were excluded. "Pilot error (weather related)" represents accidents in which pilot error was the cause but brought about by weather related phenomena. "Pilot error (mechanical related)" represents accidents in which pilo t error was the cause but brought about by some type of mechanical failure. "Other human error" includes air traffic controller errors, improper loading of aircraft, fuel contamination and improper maintenance procedures. Sabotage includes explosive devices, shoot downs and hijackings. "Total pilot error" is the total of all three types of pilot error (in yellow). Where there were multiple causes, the most prominent cause was used.(2)

(1): Ranter, H. (2010) Aviation safety network > ASN aviation safety database > geographical regions > United States of America air safety profile. Available at: https://aviation-safety.net/database/country/country.php?id=N (Accessed: 14 April 2016).

(2): Accident statistics. 2016. Accident statistics. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.planecrashinfo.com/cause.htm. [Accessed 14 April 2016].

Figure (1): PlaneCrashInfo (1997) Accident statistics. Available at: http://www.planecrashinfo.com/cause.htm (Accessed: 14 April 2016).

Five reasons of aviation accidents (3)

1. Pilots Error

From 21 century the civil aircraft is more smart more safety and more technology before. But the pilots still same before. Still is human and the proportion of crashes caused by pilot error has increased and now stands at around 50%. Civil aviation is complex machine and it is need lot of management.  But although the aircraft more intelligent more secure, but the pilot is still a failure of the last line of defense. For example In January 2009 US Airways Flight 1549 the Airbus A320 hit a flock of geese over New York City. The flock of geese destroy the engine of A320, but the captain, Chesley Sullenberger, had to weigh up a number of options and act quickly. He using his extensive flying experience and knowledge of the plane's handling qualities he elected to ditch the aircraft in the Hudson River. And the pilots saved the 150 passengers.

从21世纪民用航空器更智能更安全、更科技。但飞行员仍然相同。仍然是人类.试验误差造成的事故比例增加,现在在50%左右。民用航空是复杂的机器,它是需要很多的管理。但是重要的要记住,飞行员是最后一道防线时灾难性的错误。例如2009年1月,美国航空公司1549航班的空客A320飞机撞上一群鹅在纽约市。那群鹅摧毁A320的引擎,但船长,切斯利·苏伦伯格做出了迅速的反应和行动。他丰富的飞行经验和知识来操控飞机迫降在哈德逊河。他并且挽救了150名乘客。

2. Mechanical failure

Equipment failures still account for around 20% of aircraft losses, despite improvements in design and manufacturing quality. While engines are significantly more reliable today than they were half a century ago, they still occasionally suffer catastrophic failures. in 2010, a Qantas A380 carrying 459 passengers and crew suffered an uncontained engine failure over Batam Island, Indonesia. Thanks to the skill of the pilots, the stricken aircraft landed safely.

4. Sabotage

About 10% of the aircraft are loss due to terrorist attacks. In September 1970, hijacking of three passenger jet aircraft to Dawsons Field in Jordan was a watershed moment in aviation history that prompted a review of security. Also on September 11, 2001, 19 al-qaeda terrorists hijacked three American airliner to crash the world trade center in New York. There are 2996 civilians killed in the terrorist attacks

大约10%的飞机损失是由于恐怖袭击。1970年9月,三乘喷气式飞机劫持在约旦航空历史上是一个分水岭,促使了安全审查。而且在2001年9月11日,19名基地组织恐怖分子劫持了三名美国客机坠毁在纽约世界贸易中心。有2996名平民在恐怖袭击中丧生

5. Other forms of human error

Other forms of human error (air traffic control, ground services, mechanics and engineers). For example in 1990, a windscreen blowout on a British Airways flight nearly cost the life of the aircraft’s captain. According to the Air Accidents Investigation Branch, almost all of the windscreen’s 90 securing bolts “were of smaller than specified diameter”.

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Number Of Fatal Accidents from 1950-2014

Figure (2)

(3): Bennett, S.A. (2015) Sinai plane crash: The five most common reasons for airliner disasters. Available at: http://theconversation.com/sinai-plane-crash-the-five-most-common-reasons-for-airliner-disasters-50100 (Accessed: 14 April 2016).

Figure (2): PlaneCrashInfo (1997) Accident statistics. Available at: http://www.planecrashinfo.com/cause.htm (Accessed: 14 April 2016).

But According to ACRO, recent years have been considerably safer for aviation, from 2009 to 2013 fewer than 140 accidents each year. While in 1999 there have been 211 incidents. Since 2004, ten years the death toll has fewer than 1000 people. In 2013, is the lowest. Since the end of the World War2, 4140 people died in a plane crash in which 2996 people died in 911 (4)