Thoery Review - Management

Theory Review:

1. List & explain four ways in which a manager’s job is changing in the 21st century. What are the key concepts? Page 24:

• Changing technology -  such as the creation of new technology
• Increased threats to security – Security concerns can arise from both economic concerns and physical security such as the growing amount of terrorism.
• Increased emphasis on ethics – society now demands that organisations now place a greater emphasis on ethics and social responsibility
• Increased competitiveness – globalisation has allowed organisations to have more competition than before
• Increased environmental concerns. – the 21st century has seen organisations place a greater emphasis on the enviroemnt and its counterparts.

1. List & explain  four contingency variables that managers should consider when engaging in organisational design? – 424

• STRATEGY

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4 componenets of an organisations specific enviroemnt , giving a conte,porary xample pf each?

• The specific environment is unique to the organisation and changes with conditions.
• It also varies depending on the market niche the organisation serves with respect to the range of products or services it offers and the main constituencies, which typically include customers, suppliers, competitors and pressure groups. 
• Customers are the reasons that organisations exist, as they absorb the outputs. They obviously represent potential uncertainty, particularly if their tastes and desires change. Suppliers include firms that provide materials and equipment, as well as providers of financial and labour inputs. Managers seek to ensure a steady flow of the needed materials, equipment, financial and labour inputs at the lowest possible prices. 
• Competitors cannot be ignored. They are an important environmental force to monitor and respond to. Most organisations have one or more competitors. 
• Pressure groups also cannot be ignored by managers.  
• Changes in social and political movements influence the power that these pressure groups have on organisations.

How does diversity influence the manner in which managers execute the four functions of management? Key concept?

Diversity means that managers now need to place a greater emphasis on the four functions of managers. Managers now need to understand and incorporate the diverse workforce such as encouraging mums into the workforce or deciding who is to do what.

Planning

Leading

Organising

Controlling